| 1) H N Herkowitz, J Dvorak, G Bell, M Nordin D Grob. The 3rd edition, USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2004.p.4<br>2) Biering-Sorensen F.A. Prospective study of low back pain in general population. Scandinavian journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1983;15:71-79.<br>3) Cassidy LD, Carroll LJ, Cote P. the Saskatchewan health and back pain survey:the prevalence of low back pain and related disability inSaskatchewan adults. Spine 1998;23:1860-1867.<br>4) Lebeouf-Yde C, Klougart N, Lauristen T. how common is low back pain in the Nordic population? Spine 1996;21:1518-1526.<br>5) Papageorgiou AC, Croft PR, Ferry S, Jayson MIV, Silman AJ. Estimating the prevalence of low back pain in the general population: Evidence from the South Manchester pain survey. Spine 1995;20:1889-1894.<br>6) Saudicani P, Hansen K, Gyntelberg F. low back pain in steel plant workers. Occupational medicine.1994;44:217-221.<br>7) Walsh K, Varnesh N, Osmond C, Styles R, Coggon D. Occupational causes of low back pain. Scandinavain journal of work and environmental health.1989;15:54-59.<br>8) Matsui H, Maeda A, Tsuji H, Narsue Y. Risk indication of low back pain among workers in Japan: association of familial and physical factors with low back pain. Spine.1997;22:1242-1248. <br>9) Bratton RL.Assessment and management of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician.1999;62:299-308.<br>10) Frymoyer J. Back pain and sciatica.1998.N E J;318:291-300.<br>11) Johan W S Vlaeyen and Steven J Linton. Fear avoidance model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: 12 years on. 2012.IASP PAIN;153:1144-1147.<br>12) Catherine cavallarogoogman. Differential diagnosis of Physical Therapy.3rd edition:11.<br>13) David G.Borenstien Sam W.Wisel and Scott D.Boden. Low back pain.1995;2nd edition.<br>14) RaminKordi, MD, MSc, PhD and Mohsen Rostami : Low Back Pain in Children and adolescents: an Algorithmic Clinical Approach.2011, September;21(3):259-270.<br>15) Antonia Gómez-Conesa, and Julio Sánchez-Meca: Physical therapy treatments for low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. BMC MusculoskeletDisord.2013; 14: 55.<br>16) Balagué F, Nordin M, Skovron ML, Dutoit G, Yee A, Waldburger M. Non-specific low- back pain among schoolchildren: a field survey with analysis of some associated factors.J Spinal Disord. 1994;7:374–379.<br>17) Kovacs FM, Gestoso M, del Real MT G, López J, Mufraggi N, Méndez JI. Risk factors for non-specific low back pain in schoolchildren and their parents: a population based study. Pain. 2003;103:259–268.<br>18) SureepornPhrompaet, MSc, AatitPaungmali, MPhty, PhD,* UbonPirunsan, MPhty, PhD, and PatrapornSitilertpisan, MSc, PhD: Effects of Pilates Training on Lumbo-Pelvic Stability and Flexibility. Asian J Sports PMCID. 2011 March; 2(1): 16–22.<br>19) Kazunori itoha, Satokaitoh, Yasukazu Katsumi, Hiroshi Kitakozi. A pilot study on acupuncture and TENS to treat chronic non-specific low back pain, Complementary Therapies in clinical practise.2009;vol.15:22-25.<br>20) Taimella S, Kujala U, Salminen J, ViljanenT.The prevalence of LBP in children an adolescent. A nation wise co-hort based questionnaire survey in Finland. Spine.1997;22:1132-36.<br>21) Todd L Olsen et al. Olsed TD, Andrew RL, Kriska AM, Cauley JL, Aron DJ. The epidemiology of low back pain in an adolescent population. Am j Public Health.1992;82(4):606-608.Medline.<br>22) Balague F, Dutoit G, Waldburger M. LBP in school children:an epidemiological study. Scandinavian Journal of Physical Therapy.1998;20:175-79.<br>23) Hestbak L, Leboeuf-yde C, Kyvik KO, Manniche C. The course of LBP from adolescent to adulthood:eight years follow-up of 9600 twins.<br>24) S. Donzelli: Two different techniques in the rehabilitation treatment of low back pain:a randomized controlled trial. Vol. 42 - No. 3 Europa Medicophysica 205.<br>25) JuhaAuvinen: Neck, shoulder amd low back pain in adolescence. Temper 2010.<br>26) Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ: A comparison of a modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. PhysTher. 2008 Jan;88(1):138-9.<br>27) A.G.E.M. de Boer et al: Is a single-item visual analogue scale as valid, reliable and responsive as multi-item scales in measuring quality of life? Arch 2004; 13(2): 311-320.<br>28) Abenhaim L, Rossignol M, ValatJP.The role of activity of the therapeutic management of low back pain.Report of the International Paris task Force in back pain. spine 2000;25:33.<br>29) Faas A. Exercise: which ones are worth trying, for which patients and when? Spine.1996;21:2874-78.<br>30) KoesBWAssendelft WJ, Van der Haijden GJ. Spine manipulation and mobilization for back and neck pain.a blinded review. Br Med J.1991;303:1298-03.<br>31) Shah, J S Hampson W.G.H. The distribution of surface strain in the cadaveric lumbar spine. Journal of bone and surgery;60:246.<br>32) Jagmohansingh, Text book of electrotherapy. 1st edition 2005:128.<br>33) Moffett JK, Torgerson D, Bell-Syer S, Jackson D, Llewlyn-Phillips H, Farrin A, Barber J. Randomised controlled trial of exercise for low back pain: clinical outcomes, costs, and preferences. BMJ. 1999;319:279–283.<br>34) Aure OF, Nilsen JH, Vasseljen O. Manual therapy and exercise therapy in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Spine. 2003;28:525–531.<br>35) Jones M, Stratton G, Reilly T, Unnithan V. The efficacy of exercise as an intervention to treat recurrent nonspecific low back pain in adolescents.PediatrExerc Sci. 2007;19:349–359.<br>36) Ahlqwist A, Hagman M, Kjellby-Wendt G, Beckung E. Physical therapy treatment of back complaints on children and adolescents. Spine. 2008;33:721–727.<br>37) Vasseljen O, FladmarkAM. Abdominal muscle contraction thickness and function after specific and general exercises: A randomized controlled trial in chronic low back pain patients. Man Ther. 2010;15:482–9.<br>38) Critchley D. Instructing pelvic floor contraction facilitates transversusabdominis thickness increase during low-abdominal hollowing. Physiother Res Inter. 2002;7:65–75.<br>39) Muscolino E. Pilates and the "powerhouse"-1. J Body Work MovTher. 2004;8:15–24.<br>40) Latey P. Updating the principles of the Pilates method-Part 2.J Body Work MovTher. 2002;6:94–101.<br>41) Julie M. Fritz, PhD, PT, ATC* and Shannon N. Clifford, PhD, PT: Low Back Pain in Adolescents: A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Sports Participants and Nonparticipants. J Athl Train. 2010 Jan-Feb; 45(1): 61–66.<br>42) Birgit Skoffer and Anders Foldspang.Physical activity and low-back pain in schoolchildren.Eur Spine J. 2008 March; 17(3): 373–379.<br>43) Tsuyoshi Sato, Takui Ito, [...], and Naohito Tanabe. Low back pain in childhood and adolescence: a cross-sectional study in Niigata City. Eur Spine J. 2008 November; 17(11): 1441–1447.<br>44) Jones MA, Straton G, Reilly T, Unnithan VB. A school based suevey of recurrent non-specific low back pain prevalence and consequences in children.2004Jun;193(3)284-9.<br>45) Sam Murphy, Peter Buckle, Dave Stubbs.Back pain among school children and associates risk factors.<br>46) Balague F, Skovron ML, Nordin M, Dutoit G, Waldburger M. Low back pain in school children. Spine.1995;20:1265-70.<br>47) Ismail Bejia, NabihaAbid, Kamelben Salem, Mohammed Younes, MongiTouziNaceurBergaoui. Low back pain in a cohort of 622 Tunisian school children and adolescent.An epidemiological study. European Science Journal.Vol.14.2005;31-36.<br>48) Mohseni-Bandepi MA, Bagheri-Nesami M. Non-specific LBP in 5000 Iranian school children. J Pediatr Orthop.2007;27(2):126-9.<br>49) Poverty and adolescent girls health.<br>50) Debbi Ef, Ian S ,Michel R, Lucian A. Risk factors for the development of LBP in adolescent. American Journal of Epidemiology.2001;Vol.154:30-36.<br>51) R. Gunzburg, F. Balague, M. Nordin, D Duyck, D Bell. Low back pain in a population of school children. European Science Journal.Vol.8;1999:439-43.<br>52) Todd, Fairbanks J, Pysent P, Van, Philip H. Influence of anthropometric factors and joint laxity in incidence of adolescent with back pain.Spine.1996;20:2323-28.<br>53) Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ: A comparison of a modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. PhysTher. 2008 Jan;88(1):138-9.<br>54) Michael Vianin. Psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of Oswestry Disability Index. J Chiropr Med, 2008 Dec;7(4):161-3.<br>55) A.G.E.M. de Boer et al: Is a single-item visual analogue scale as valid, reliable and responsive as multi-item scales in measuring quality of life? Arch 2004; 13( 2): 311-320.<br>56) Boonstra AM, SchiphorstPreuper HR, Reneman MF. Reliability and validity of the VAS for disability in patients with chronic msculoskeletal pain.Int J Rehab Res.2008;31 (2):165-9.<br>57) X. Badia, S. Monserrat, M. Roset, M. Herdman. Feasibility, validity and test–retest reliability of scaling methods for health states: The visual analogue scale and the time trade-off. June 1999, Volume 8, Issue 4:303-310.<br>58) Olagun, Matthew et al. Reliability of rating LBP with a VAS and a Semantic Differential Scale. Physiotherapy Theory and Practise.20:135-42.<br>59) ) Edwin ChoonWyn Lim, PT1, Ruby Li ChooPoh, PT, MClinPhty(Manip)2, Ai Ying Low, PT, 2, Wai Pong Wong, PT, MPH, PhD: Effects of Pilates-Based Exercises on Pain and Disability in Individuals With Persistent Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Published: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports PhysicalTherapy.2011; 41(2): 70-80.<br>60) Susan Sorosky, 1,2 Sonja Stilp,3,4 and VenuAkuthota : Yoga and pilates in the management of low back pain. Musculoskelet Med. 2008 March; 1(1).<br>61) Stolze LR, Allison SC, Chids JD.Derivation of a preliminary clinical prediction rule for identifying a subgroup of patients with low back pain likely to benefit from Pilates-based exercise.J Ortho Sports Phys Therapy.2012 May;42(5):425-36. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3826. Epub 2012 Jan 25.<br>62) RusselJago, Marriam, Tom Barranswoski. Effect of 4 weeks of Pilates on the body composition of young girls.Elsevier BV 2013 Science Direct.<br>63) MaurÃcioAntônio da Luz, Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa, Fernanda Ferreira Fuhro, Ana Carolina Taccolini Manzoni, NaianeTeixeiraBastos de Oliveira and Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral. Effectiveness of mat Pilates or equipment-based Pilates in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2013, 14:16 doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-16 .<br>64) Gisela C, Miyamoto, Leonardo O.P., Costa and Cristina M.N. Cabral. The efficacy of the addition of the Pilates method over a minimal intervention in the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. J Chiropr Med. Dec 2011; 10(4): 248–254.doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2011.06.007.<br>65) Jayant Joshi, PrakashKotwal. Essential of orthopaedics and applied physiotheraphy., Churchill Livingstone. 5th editin:400.<br>66) Amir Massoud Arab, Mohammad Reza Nourbakhsh, and Ali Mohammadifar: The relationship between hamstring length and gluteal muscle strength in individuals with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. J Man ManipTher. 2011 February; 19(1): 5–10.<br>67) Yang, EunJoo MD; Park, Won-Beom MD, PhD; Shin, Hyung-Ik MD, PhD; Lim, Jae-Young MD, PhD: The Effect of Back School Integrated with Core Strengthening in Patients with Chronic Low-Back Pain. September 2010 ;89 ( 9) :744-754.<br>68) Kristin M Houghton: Review for the generalist: evaluation of low back pain in children and adolescents. PediatrRheumatol Online J. 2010; 8.<br>69) Ahlqwist A, Hagman M, Kjellby-Wendt G, Beckung E. Physical therapy treatment of back complaints on children and adolescents. Spine. 2008;33:721–727.<br>70) Jones M, Stratton G, Reilly T, Unnithan V. The efficacy of exercise as an intervention to treat recurrent nonspecific low back pain in adolescents.PediatrExerc Sci. 2007;19:349–359.<br>71) Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, et al. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain.Eur Spine J. 2006;15:Suppl 2:S192–300.<br>72) Anderson B, Spector A. Introduction to Pilates-based rehabilitation. OrthopPhysTherClin N Am. 2000;9:395–410.<br>73) Bryan M, Hawson S. The benefits of Pilates exercise in orthopaedic rehabilitation. Tech Orthop. 2003;8:126–129.<br>74) .da Silva A, Mannrich G. Pilates on rehabilitation: a systematic review [Portuguese]. PhysTher Movement. 2009;22:449–455.<br>75) Ekici G, Bingul O, Yakut E. Effects of pilates-based exercises on tranversusabdominus in females with non-specific chronic low back pain: a pilot study [Turkish]. FizyoterapiRehabilitasyon. 2008;19:201.
| | <references /> |