Shoulder Examination: Difference between revisions
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<u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
color:black">References</span></u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: | |||
"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Arial"><o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><o:p> </o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Calis M, et al. Diagnostic values | |||
of clinical diagnostic tests in subacromial impingement syndrome. Ann Rheum | |||
Dis, 2000 59, 44-47.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Park HB, et al. Diagnostic | |||
accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement | |||
syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2005 87(7), 1446-1455.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Kelly S, Nicola B. The value of | |||
physical tests for subacromial impingement syndrome: a study of diagnostic | |||
accuracy. Clin Rehab, 2010 24: 149–158.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Holtby R, Razmjou | |||
H. Accuracy of the Speed's and Yergason's tests in detecting biceps pathology | |||
and SLAP lesions: comparison with arthroscopic findings. Arthroscopy, 2004 3, | |||
231-6.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">5.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">SH | |||
Kim et al. A Novel Test for Posteroinferior Labral Lesion of the Shoulder—A | |||
Comparison to the Jerk Test. Am J Sports Med, 2005 33(8): 1188-92<o:p></o:p></span></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">6.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Munro | |||
et al. The validity and accuracy of clinical tests used to detect labral | |||
pathology of the shoulder--a systematic review. Man Ther. 2009 | |||
Apr;14(2):119-30<o:p></o:p></span></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Kim | |||
SH, Ha KI, Ahn JH, Kim SH, Choi HJ. Biceps load test II: a clinical test for | |||
SLAP lesions of the shoulder.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span">''<span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Arthroscopy</span>''</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">2001 February; 17(2):160-164.<o:p></o:p></span></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">8.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Dessaur WA, Magarey | |||
ME. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for superior labral anterior | |||
posterior lesions: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 | |||
June;38(6):341-52. Epub 2008 Feb 22.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">9.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.libproxy.temple.edu/pubmed?term=%22Lo%20IK%22%5BAuthor%5D <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Arial">Lo IK</span>]<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>et al, An evaluation of the apprehension, relocation, and surprise tests for anterior shoulder instability. </span>[file:///C:/Users/Lenny/Desktop/Final%20Edit%20Matt%20and%20Lenny%20Final%20Edit.docx <span style="font-size:12.0pt; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Am J Sports Med.</span>]<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">2004 | |||
Mar;32(2):301-7.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
= <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:windowtext; | |||
font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">10.<span style="mso-tab-count: | |||
1"> </span>Gross ML, Distefano MC. Anterior release test. A new test for occult shoulder<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997 Jun;(339):105-8.<o:p></o:p></span> = | |||
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">11.<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Nakagawa MD, et al. Forced Shoulder Abduction and Elbow Flexion Test: A New Simple Clinical Test to Detect Superior Labral Injury in the Throwing Shoulder. J arthro.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> | |||
</span>2005 November; 21(11): 1290-1295.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">12.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Hislop HJ, Montgomery J.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black">Saunders 2007, 8<sup>th</sup> | |||
edition.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">13.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Flynn T, et al. Users’ guide to the | |||
musculoskeletal examination fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. | |||
Evidence in Motion; 2008.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">14.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Rutkow IM.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> | |||
</span>Rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a critical review.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Arch Surg. 1978 Jun;113(6):718-20.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">15.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Tamura M, Hoda MA, Klepetko W.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Current treatment paradigms of superior sulcus tumours.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009 Oct;36(4):747-53. Epub 2009 Aug 20.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">16.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Strauss E. Flanagin BA, Mitchell MT, | |||
Thistlethwaite WA, Alverdy JC. Usefulness of liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis | |||
C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ann Hepatol 2010;9 Suppl:39-42.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">17.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Diagnosis and treatment of atypical | |||
presentations of hiatal hernia following bariatric surgery.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Obes Surg. 2010 Mar;20(3):386-92. Epub 2009 Oct 24. <o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">18.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Pappano DA, Bass ES. Referred shoulder pain | |||
preceding abdominal pain in a teenage girl with gastric perforation. Pediatr | |||
Emerg Care. 2006 Dec;22(12):807-9.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">19.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Handoll HH, Ollivere BJ.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Dec 8;(12):CD000434.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">20.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">McKee MD. Clavicle | |||
fractures in 2010: sling/swathe or open reduction and internal fixation? </span>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clipboard <span style="font-size: | |||
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#000099">Orthop | |||
Clin North Am.</span>]<span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"> 2010 Apr;41(2):225-31.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">21.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Altamimi SA, McKee MD.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Nonoperative treatment compared with plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Mar;90 Suppl 2 Pt 1:1-8.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">22.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">S Bot, C Terwee, D A W M van der Windt, L | |||
Bouter, J Dekker, and H C W de Vet.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> | |||
</span>Clinimetric evaluation of shoulder disability questionnaires: a systematic review of the literature.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 April; 63(4): 335–341.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">23.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Murphy D, Hurwitz R. A theoretical model | |||
for the development of a diagnosis-based clinical decision rule for the | |||
management of patients with spinal pain. 2007; 8: 1, 75.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">24.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Song L, Yan HB, Yang JG, Sun YH, Hu | |||
DY.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Impact of patients' symptom interpretation on care-seeking behaviors of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010 Jul;123(14):1840-5.<o:p></o:p></span> | |||
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; | |||
mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">25.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; | |||
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Bahrs et al.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Indications for Computed Tomography (CT-) Diagnostics in Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Comparative Study of Plain Radiography and Computed Tomograph.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2009.<o:p></o:p></span> |
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Objective[edit | edit source]
Observation[edit | edit source]
- Posture
- Movement Patterns
Functional Tests
[edit | edit source]
Palpation[edit | edit source]
- supine
- prone
- seated
Neurologic Assessment
[edit | edit source]
Movement Testing[edit | edit source]
- AROM, PROM, and Overpressure
- Passive Intervertebral Motion
- Muscle Strength
Special Tests[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
References<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
1. Calis M, et al. Diagnostic values of clinical diagnostic tests in subacromial impingement syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis, 2000 59, 44-47.<o:p></o:p>
2. Park HB, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2005 87(7), 1446-1455.<o:p></o:p>
3. Kelly S, Nicola B. The value of physical tests for subacromial impingement syndrome: a study of diagnostic accuracy. Clin Rehab, 2010 24: 149–158.<o:p></o:p>
4. Holtby R, Razmjou H. Accuracy of the Speed's and Yergason's tests in detecting biceps pathology and SLAP lesions: comparison with arthroscopic findings. Arthroscopy, 2004 3, 231-6.<o:p></o:p>
5. SH Kim et al. A Novel Test for Posteroinferior Labral Lesion of the Shoulder—A Comparison to the Jerk Test. Am J Sports Med, 2005 33(8): 1188-92<o:p></o:p>
6. Munro et al. The validity and accuracy of clinical tests used to detect labral pathology of the shoulder--a systematic review. Man Ther. 2009 Apr;14(2):119-30<o:p></o:p>
7. Kim SH, Ha KI, Ahn JH, Kim SH, Choi HJ. Biceps load test II: a clinical test for SLAP lesions of the shoulder. Arthroscopy 2001 February; 17(2):160-164.<o:p></o:p>
8. Dessaur WA, Magarey ME. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for superior labral anterior posterior lesions: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 June;38(6):341-52. Epub 2008 Feb 22.<o:p></o:p>
9. Lo IK, et al, An evaluation of the apprehension, relocation, and surprise tests for anterior shoulder instability. [file:///C:/Users/Lenny/Desktop/Final%20Edit%20Matt%20and%20Lenny%20Final%20Edit.docx Am J Sports Med.] 2004 Mar;32(2):301-7.<o:p></o:p>
10. Gross ML, Distefano MC. Anterior release test. A new test for occult shoulder instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997 Jun;(339):105-8.<o:p></o:p>
11. Nakagawa MD, et al. Forced Shoulder Abduction and Elbow Flexion Test: A New Simple Clinical Test to Detect Superior Labral Injury in the Throwing Shoulder. J arthro. 2005 November; 21(11): 1290-1295.<o:p></o:p>
12. Hislop HJ, Montgomery J. Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. Saunders 2007, 8th edition.<o:p></o:p>
13. Flynn T, et al. Users’ guide to the musculoskeletal examination fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. Evidence in Motion; 2008.<o:p></o:p>
14. Rutkow IM. Rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis: a critical review. Arch Surg. 1978 Jun;113(6):718-20.<o:p></o:p>
15. Tamura M, Hoda MA, Klepetko W. Current treatment paradigms of superior sulcus tumours. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009 Oct;36(4):747-53. Epub 2009 Aug 20.<o:p></o:p>
16. Strauss E. Flanagin BA, Mitchell MT, Thistlethwaite WA, Alverdy JC. Usefulness of liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis C. Ann Hepatol 2010;9 Suppl:39-42.<o:p></o:p>
17. Diagnosis and treatment of atypical presentations of hiatal hernia following bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2010 Mar;20(3):386-92. Epub 2009 Oct 24. <o:p></o:p>
18. Pappano DA, Bass ES. Referred shoulder pain preceding abdominal pain in a teenage girl with gastric perforation. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 Dec;22(12):807-9.<o:p></o:p>
19. Handoll HH, Ollivere BJ. Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Dec 8;(12):CD000434.<o:p></o:p>
20. McKee MD. Clavicle fractures in 2010: sling/swathe or open reduction and internal fixation? [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clipboard Orthop Clin North Am.] 2010 Apr;41(2):225-31.<o:p></o:p>
21. Altamimi SA, McKee MD. Nonoperative treatment compared with plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Mar;90 Suppl 2 Pt 1:1-8.<o:p></o:p>
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