Liver Function Tests: Difference between revisions

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!'''Alkaline phosphatase (ALP):''' 30–120 IU/l<ref name=":0" />
!'''Alkaline phosphatase (ALP);''' Normal value: 30–120 IU/l<ref name=":0" />
|-
|-
|'''Causes of raised ALP'''
|'''Causes of raised ALP:'''
* Physiological
* Physiological
** Women in the third trimester of pregnancy.
** Women in the third trimester of pregnancy.
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** Metastatic liver disease.
** Metastatic liver disease.
** Bone disease.<ref name=":1" />
** Bone disease.<ref name=":1" />
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{| class="wikitable"
== Resources  ==
!'''Gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT)'''; Normal value: 0 to 30 IU/L<ref name=":0" />
*bulleted list
|-
*x
|'''Causes of raised GGT:'''
or
* Hepatobiliary disease (often with other liver enzyme abnormalities).
 
* Pancreatic disease.
#numbered list
* Alcoholism.
#x
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
* Renal failure.
* Diabetes.
* Myocardial infarction.
* Drugs—for example, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and barbiturates.<ref name=":1" />
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Bilirubin'''; Normal value: 2 to 17 micromoles/L<ref name=":0" />
|-
|'''Causes of isolated hyperbilirubinemia:'''
* Unconjugated
*# Increased bilirubin production.
*#* Haemolysis.
*#* Ineffective erythropoiesis.
*#* Blood transfusion.
*#* Resorption of haematomas.
*# Decreased hepatic uptake.
*#* Gilbert’s syndrome.
*#* Drugs—for example, rifampicin.
*# Decreased conjugation.
*#* Gilbert’s syndrome.
*#* Criggler-Najjar syndrome.
*#* Physiological jaundice of the newborn.
* Conjugated
*# Dubin-Johnson syndrome.
*# Rotor’s syndrome.<ref name=":1" />
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== References  ==
== References  ==

Revision as of 11:29, 29 November 2020

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

Groups of blood tests performed to know the condition of a liver of a patient are known as liver function tests (LFT) or liver panel or hepatic function panel or hepatic panel.[1]

Components of Liver Function Tests[edit | edit source]

Alanine Transaminase (ALT); Normal value: 0-45 IU/L

Aspartate Transaminase (AST); Normal value: 0-35 IU/L[2]

Causes of raised transaminases:
  • Alcohol.
  • Medications: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, HMG Co-A-reductase inhibitors, antiepileptic drugs, antituberculous drugs, herbal medications, illicit drug use.
  • Non-alcoholic steatohepatosis.
  • Chronic hepatitis B and C.
  • Autoimmune diseases.
  • Hemochromatosis.
  • Wilson's disease.
  • Congestive cardiac failure and ischaemic hepatitis.
  • ɑ1-Antitrypsin deficiency.
  • Coeliac disease.
  • Endocrine disease: hypothyroidism, Addison's disease.
  • Diseases of striate muscle.
  • Glycogen storage diseases.[3]
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP); Normal value: 30–120 IU/l[2]
Causes of raised ALP:
  • Physiological
    • Women in the third trimester of pregnancy.
    • Adolescents.
    • Benign, familial (due to increased intestinal ALP).
  • Pathological
    • Bile duct obstruction.
    • Primary biliary cirrhosis.
    • Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
    • Drug induced cholestasis—for example, anabolic steroids.
    • Adult bile ductopenia.
    • Metastatic liver disease.
    • Bone disease.[3]
Gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT); Normal value: 0 to 30 IU/L[2]
Causes of raised GGT:
  • Hepatobiliary disease (often with other liver enzyme abnormalities).
  • Pancreatic disease.
  • Alcoholism.
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  • Renal failure.
  • Diabetes.
  • Myocardial infarction.
  • Drugs—for example, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and barbiturates.[3]
Bilirubin; Normal value: 2 to 17 micromoles/L[2]
Causes of isolated hyperbilirubinemia:
  • Unconjugated
    1. Increased bilirubin production.
      • Haemolysis.
      • Ineffective erythropoiesis.
      • Blood transfusion.
      • Resorption of haematomas.
    2. Decreased hepatic uptake.
      • Gilbert’s syndrome.
      • Drugs—for example, rifampicin.
    3. Decreased conjugation.
      • Gilbert’s syndrome.
      • Criggler-Najjar syndrome.
      • Physiological jaundice of the newborn.
  • Conjugated
    1. Dubin-Johnson syndrome.
    2. Rotor’s syndrome.[3]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Teshome G, Ambachew S, Fasil A, Abebe M. Prevalence of liver function test abnormality and associated factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative cross-sectional study. Ejifcc. 2019 Oct;30(3):303.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lala V, Goyal A, Bansal P, Minter D. Liver function tests. StatPearls. 2020 Apr 28.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Limdi JK, Hyde GM. Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgraduate medical journal. 2003 Jun 1;79(932):307-12.
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