Urinary Incontinence
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Clinically Relevant Anatomy
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Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process
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Definitions: [edit | edit source]
- Urinary incontinence (symptom): Complaint of involuntary loss of urine.
- Stress (urinary) incontinence: Complaint of involuntary loss of urine on effort or physical exertion (e.g. sporting activities), or on sneezing or coughing.
- Urgency (urinary) incontinence: Complaint of involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency.
- Mixed (urinary) incontinence: Complaint of involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency and also effort or physical exertion or on sneezing or coughing.
- Urgency: Complaint of a sudden, compelling desire to pass urine which is difficult to defer.
- Overactive bladder (OAB, Urgency) syndrome: Urinary urgency, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with or without urgency urinary incontinence, in the absence of urinary tract infection or other obvious pathology.[1]
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I)
Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S)
Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI)
Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory - 20 (PFDI - 20)
Pelvic Floor Incontinence Questionnaire (PFIQ)
Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire - 7 (PFIQ - 7)
Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength[edit | edit source]
Modified Oxford grading system:
- 0 - no contraction
- 1 - flicker
- 2 - weak squeeze, no lift
- 3 - fair squeeze, definite lift
- 4 - good squeeze with lift
- 5 - strong squeeze with a lift
Palpation of the prlvic floor muscles per the vagina in females and per the rectum in male patients.[2]
Key Evidence[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, et al. The standardization of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardization sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology 2003;61:37-49.
- ↑ Laycock J. Pelvic muscle exercises: physiotherapy for the pelvic floor. Urol Nurs 1994;14:136-40.
