Adam's forward bend test: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | == Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | ||
The spine consists of 7 vertebrae cervicales, 12 vertebrae thoracicae, 5 vertebrae lumbales and an os sacrum composed of 5 vertebrae sacrales. For more information, see [http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php5?title=Scoliosis scoliosis] on Physiopedia. <br>When you look at the vertebral column in the sagittal plane, you see a cervical lordosis, thoracic kyfosis, lumbar lordosis and sacral kyfosis. <ref name="[5]">M. Schünke, E. Shulte, U. Schumacher, M. Voll, K. Wesker. Prometheus: Algemene anatomie en bewegingsapparaat. Benige wervelkolom. Houten, 2008. P78-79. Level of evidence: D</ref><sup>D</sup> Normally, the processus spinosi form a straight line. In patients with scoliosis, you see a lateral deviation in the frontal plane and a vertebral rotation, which can develop into a rib hump. <ref name="[6]">Orthopedie Amphia. Scoliose. http://www.orthopedie-amphia.nl/paginas/123-scoliose.html (accessed 11 November 2011)</ref>, <ref name="[7]">Harms Spinesurgery. Deformities; Definition, epidemiology, symptoms: Scoliosis. http://harms-spinesurgery.com/src/plugin.php?m=harms.SKO02E (accessed 12 November 2011)</ref>, <ref name="[8]">Department of Radiology. Musculoskeletal Radiology: Scoliosis. http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/teaching-materials/online-musculoskeletal-radiology-book/scoliosis (accessed 12 November 2011)</ref><br>When the scoliosis progresses, the prossesus spinosi will rotate to the concave side of the column vertebrae. The costae are close together at the concavity of the curve and more separated at the convex side. The ribs follow the rotation of the corpus vertebrae and thus those of the processus spinosi. The rib hump develops because the posterior ribs on the convex side are being pushed to posterior and the anterior ribs on the concave side are pushed anteriorly. <ref name="[8]" />, <ref name="[9]">North Jersey Brain &amp;amp;amp;amp; Spine Center. Spinal Disorders: Scoliosis and Spinal Deformity. http://www.northjerseybrainspine.com/services/sd_ScoSpinDef.php (accessed 12 November2011)</ref><br> | The spine consists of 7 vertebrae cervicales, 12 vertebrae thoracicae, 5 vertebrae lumbales and an os sacrum composed of 5 vertebrae sacrales. For more information, see [http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php5?title=Scoliosis scoliosis] on Physiopedia. <br>When you look at the vertebral column in the sagittal plane, you see a cervical lordosis, thoracic kyfosis, lumbar lordosis and sacral kyfosis. <ref name="[5]">M. Schünke, E. Shulte, U. Schumacher, M. Voll, K. Wesker. Prometheus: Algemene anatomie en bewegingsapparaat. Benige wervelkolom. Houten, 2008. P78-79. Level of evidence: D</ref><sup>D</sup> Normally, the processus spinosi form a straight line. In patients with scoliosis, you see a lateral deviation in the frontal plane and a vertebral rotation, which can develop into a rib hump. <ref name="[6]">Orthopedie Amphia. Scoliose. http://www.orthopedie-amphia.nl/paginas/123-scoliose.html (accessed 11 November 2011)</ref>, <ref name="[7]">Harms Spinesurgery. Deformities; Definition, epidemiology, symptoms: Scoliosis. http://harms-spinesurgery.com/src/plugin.php?m=harms.SKO02E (accessed 12 November 2011)</ref>, <ref name="[8]">Department of Radiology. Musculoskeletal Radiology: Scoliosis. http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/teaching-materials/online-musculoskeletal-radiology-book/scoliosis (accessed 12 November 2011)</ref><br>When the scoliosis progresses, the prossesus spinosi will rotate to the concave side of the column vertebrae. The costae are close together at the concavity of the curve and more separated at the convex side. The ribs follow the rotation of the corpus vertebrae and thus those of the processus spinosi. The rib hump develops because the posterior ribs on the convex side are being pushed to posterior and the anterior ribs on the concave side are pushed anteriorly. <ref name="[8]" />, <ref name="[9]">North Jersey Brain &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Spine Center. Spinal Disorders: Scoliosis and Spinal Deformity. http://www.northjerseybrainspine.com/services/sd_ScoSpinDef.php (accessed 12 November2011)</ref><br> | ||
[[Image:Foto 2.png|frame|left| | [[Image:Foto 2.png|frame|left|10x10px]] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Revision as of 17:39, 30 December 2011
Search Strategy[edit | edit source]
Search engines: Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar, Google Books.
Keywords: Forward bending test, Adam’s forward bend test, forward bend test, scoliosis test.
Definition/ Description[edit | edit source]
The patient takes off his/her t-shirt so that the spine is visible. The patient needs to bend forward, starting at the waist until the back comes in the horizontal plane, with the feet together, arms hanging and the knees in extension. The palms are hold together. The examiner stands at the back of the patient and looks along the horizontal plane of the spine, searching for abnormalities of the spinal curve, like increased or decreased lordosis/ kyphosis, and an asymmetry of the
trunk.[1], [2], [3] [4]A1
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The spine consists of 7 vertebrae cervicales, 12 vertebrae thoracicae, 5 vertebrae lumbales and an os sacrum composed of 5 vertebrae sacrales. For more information, see scoliosis on Physiopedia.
When you look at the vertebral column in the sagittal plane, you see a cervical lordosis, thoracic kyfosis, lumbar lordosis and sacral kyfosis. [5]D Normally, the processus spinosi form a straight line. In patients with scoliosis, you see a lateral deviation in the frontal plane and a vertebral rotation, which can develop into a rib hump. [6], [7], [8]
When the scoliosis progresses, the prossesus spinosi will rotate to the concave side of the column vertebrae. The costae are close together at the concavity of the curve and more separated at the convex side. The ribs follow the rotation of the corpus vertebrae and thus those of the processus spinosi. The rib hump develops because the posterior ribs on the convex side are being pushed to posterior and the anterior ribs on the concave side are pushed anteriorly. [8], [9]
Purpose[edit | edit source]
Technique[edit | edit source]
Key Research[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
Clinical Bottom Line[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from pubmed)[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 iScoliosis. Symptoms. http://www.iscoliosis.com/symptoms.html (accessed 11 November 2011)
- ↑ Scoliosis. In Depth Revieuw of Scoliosis: Introduction, Clinical. http://www.e-radiography.net/radpath/s/scoliosis/scoliosis.htm (accessed 11 November 2011)
- ↑ Scoliosis. Physical Examination. http://adam.about.net/reports/000068_5.htm (accessed 11 November 2011)
- ↑ B.V. Reamy, J. B . Slakey. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Review and current concepts. Am Fam Physician 2001; 1;64(1):111-117. Full version: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0701/p111.html (accessed 11 November 2011) Level of evidence: A1
- ↑ M. Schünke, E. Shulte, U. Schumacher, M. Voll, K. Wesker. Prometheus: Algemene anatomie en bewegingsapparaat. Benige wervelkolom. Houten, 2008. P78-79. Level of evidence: D
- ↑ Orthopedie Amphia. Scoliose. http://www.orthopedie-amphia.nl/paginas/123-scoliose.html (accessed 11 November 2011)
- ↑ Harms Spinesurgery. Deformities; Definition, epidemiology, symptoms: Scoliosis. http://harms-spinesurgery.com/src/plugin.php?m=harms.SKO02E (accessed 12 November 2011)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Department of Radiology. Musculoskeletal Radiology: Scoliosis. http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/teaching-materials/online-musculoskeletal-radiology-book/scoliosis (accessed 12 November 2011)
- ↑ North Jersey Brain &amp;amp;amp;amp; Spine Center. Spinal Disorders: Scoliosis and Spinal Deformity. http://www.northjerseybrainspine.com/services/sd_ScoSpinDef.php (accessed 12 November2011)
- ↑ Plus online. Een scoliose, wat is dat? http://gezondheid.plusonline.nl/alles-over-rugpijn/artikelen/2170/een-scoliose-wat-is-dat- (accessed 11 November)
