Compartment Syndrome
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Clinically Relevant Anatomy
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Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process
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The connective tissue of a compartment is not able to stretch, so when there appears a bleeding or a swelling of the muscles within the compartment, the pressure rises likely. [1][2]
Normally a non-contracting muscle contains a pressure near zero, nevertheless if the pressure rises up to 30 mmHg, the vessels will be compressed resulting into pain and a reduction of blood flow. Also the lymphatic drainage will activate to prevent the increasing interstitial fluid pressure[3], when this reached to its maximum; the pressure between the compartments will cause physiological defects such as a nerve dysfunction and deformation. A hemorrhage of an edema causes the interstitial pressures within the soft tissues to increase, creating possible ischemia by loss of capillary refill.[4]
Ischemia starts when the local blood flow can’t fulfill the metabolic demands of the tissues. When a body part is not provided with blood for more than eight hours, the damage is irreversible and may lead to the death of the concerning tissues.[5]
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- ↑ Kirsten G B, Elliot A, J Johnstone. Diagnosing acute compartment syndrome. The journal of bone and joint surgery, Vol. 85, N°5, July 2003 A1 (2)http://web.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/reprint/85-B/5/625.pdf
- ↑ Galanakos S, Sakellariou V I, Kkotoulas H, Sofianos I P. Acute Compartment Syndrome: The significance of immediate diagnosis and the consequences from delayed treatment. E.E.X.O.T, Vol 60: 127-133, 2009
- ↑ Abraham T Rasul Jr. Compartment syndrome. eMedicine. 11 March 2009 A1 (2)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/307668-overview
- ↑ Tucker Alicia K. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2 September 2010 A1 http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2941579/
- ↑ Frink M, Hildebrand F, Krettek C, Brand J, Hankemeier S. Compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot. The Association of bone and joint surgeons. 27 may 2009 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/140002-overview
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