Gestational diabetes: Difference between revisions
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
<div>Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition specific to pregnant women without pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus (DM), in which blood glucose levels are raised, i.e. the women become hyperglycaemic. It affects 4-7.5% of all pregnancies <ref name="1" /><ref name="2">Lawreance, J.M., Contereras, R., Chen, W. and Sacks, D.A. (2008) 'Trends in the prevelance of preexisting diabetes mellitus and GDM among a racially/ethnically diverse population of pregnant women, 1999-2005', Diabetes Care, 31(5), 899-904.</ref> and is increasing <ref name="1">Dabelea, D., Snell-Bergeon, J.K., Hartsfield, C.L., Bischoff, K.J., Hamman, R.F., McDuffie, R.S. (2005) 'Increasing Prevelance of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Over Time and by Birth Cohort', Diabetes Care, 28(3), 579-584.</ref> more common among older women, obese women and certain ethnic groups<ref name="2" />. </div> | <div>Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition specific to pregnant women without pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus (DM), in which blood glucose levels are raised, i.e. the women become hyperglycaemic. It affects 4-7.5% of all pregnancies <ref name="1" /><ref name="2">Lawreance, J.M., Contereras, R., Chen, W. and Sacks, D.A. (2008) 'Trends in the prevelance of preexisting diabetes mellitus and GDM among a racially/ethnically diverse population of pregnant women, 1999-2005', Diabetes Care, 31(5), 899-904.</ref> and is increasing <ref name="1">Dabelea, D., Snell-Bergeon, J.K., Hartsfield, C.L., Bischoff, K.J., Hamman, R.F., McDuffie, R.S. (2005) 'Increasing Prevelance of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Over Time and by Birth Cohort', Diabetes Care, 28(3), 579-584.</ref> more common among older women, obese women and certain ethnic groups<ref name="2" />. <br></div> | ||
== Pathological Process<br> == | |||
Several hormones produced during pregnancy block the action of insulin at a cellular level. As a result, blood glucose levels rise and more insulin is produced in response. As the pregnancy develops, the insulin demands increase further, and insulin resistance also increases due to rising levels of pregnancy hormones. However, this is a normal physiological change in pregnancy. The specific development of GDM, or why certain women develop GDM, is not known. | |||
== Consequences of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus == | |||
== | === For Mother === | ||
<div>There have been many studies detailing the increased risk of developing DM Type II after having GDM, particularly in the first 5 years postpartum <ref name="6">Kim, C., Newton, K.M., Knopp, R.H. (2002) 'Gestational Diabetes and the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: a systematic review', Diabetes Care, 25(10), 1862-1868.</ref></div> | |||
=== For Baby === | === For Baby === | ||
== Diagnositc Procedures == | == Diagnositc Procedures == | ||
=== Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus === | === Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus === | ||
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add text here<br> | add text here<br> | ||
=== Further Testing === | === Further Testing === | ||
== Outcome Measures == | == Outcome Measures == | ||
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=== Medication<br> === | === Medication<br> === | ||
=== Dietary Advise === | === Dietary Advise === | ||
=== Weight Management === | === Weight Management === | ||
== The Role for Physiotherapy<br> == | == The Role for Physiotherapy<br> == | ||
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=== Physiotherapy in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus<br> === | === Physiotherapy in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus<br> === | ||
=== Physiotherapy in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus === | === Physiotherapy in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus === | ||
== Key Evidence == | == Key Evidence == | ||
Revision as of 18:39, 26 November 2013
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Description[edit | edit source]
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition specific to pregnant women without pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus (DM), in which blood glucose levels are raised, i.e. the women become hyperglycaemic. It affects 4-7.5% of all pregnancies Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title and is increasing Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title more common among older women, obese women and certain ethnic groupsCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. Pathological Process
[edit | edit source]
Several hormones produced during pregnancy block the action of insulin at a cellular level. As a result, blood glucose levels rise and more insulin is produced in response. As the pregnancy develops, the insulin demands increase further, and insulin resistance also increases due to rising levels of pregnancy hormones. However, this is a normal physiological change in pregnancy. The specific development of GDM, or why certain women develop GDM, is not known.
Consequences of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[edit | edit source]
For Mother[edit | edit source]
There have been many studies detailing the increased risk of developing DM Type II after having GDM, particularly in the first 5 years postpartum Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
For Baby[edit | edit source]
Diagnositc Procedures[edit | edit source]
Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[edit | edit source]
add text here
Further Testing[edit | edit source]
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
add links to outcome measures here (see Outcome Measures Database)
Medical Management / Interventions
[edit | edit source]
Medication
[edit | edit source]
Dietary Advise[edit | edit source]
Weight Management[edit | edit source]
The Role for Physiotherapy
[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapy in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapy in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[edit | edit source]
Key Evidence[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to key evidence with regards to any of the above headings
Resources
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add appropriate resources here
Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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