Manual Muscle Testing: Shoulder Extension: Difference between revisions

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'''Original Editor '''- Claire Knott
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}  &nbsp; 
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== Muscles Involved: ==
== Muscles Involved: ==
[[Extensor carpi radialis longus]]
* [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|Latissimus Dorsi]]
 
* [[Deltoid]] (posterior)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
* [[Teres Major]]
 
Extensor carpi ulnaris


== Patient Positioning ==
== Patient Positioning ==
* Patient is seated with palmar surface of forearm supported on table
* Patient is in prone with elbow extended with arm free to move, palm directed up in direction of internal rotation
 
* For grades 0-2 patient is in side lying ('gravity minimal' position) +/- low friction board 
== Joint start Position ==
The forearm in pronation, wrist in neutral.


== Therapist Position ==
== Therapist Position ==
* Therapist is seated to access test-side
* Therapist stands on test-side
* Palpation over shoulder extensors


== To Test ==
== To Test ==
* Patient actively extends the wrist through range.
* Patient actively extends the shoulder through available range
* For grades 4 to 5 apply resistance through dorsal aspect of hand in a direction opposite to extension.
* For grades 4 to 5 apply resistance over posterior surface of distal humerus in a direction opposite to extension<ref>Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle Testing-E-Book: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013 Sep 27.</ref>
 
* To satisfy grade 5 'normal muscle' performance criteria, the patient must have the ability to move through complete range of motion (active resistance testing) '''OR''' maintain an end point range (break testing) against maximum resistance.
== Biasing Muscles/ Muscle Groups ==
* '''To bias extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis''': preposition the wrist in slight extension and radial deviation and instruct the patient to extend the wrist leading with the thumb side. Resistance is applied over the 2nd metacarpal (radial side) in the direction of flexion and ulnar deviation.
* '''To bias extensor carpi ulnaris''': preposition the wrist in slight extension and ulnar deviation and instruct the patient to extend the wrist leading with the 5th digit ("pinky") side. Resistance is applied over the dorsal surface of the 5th metacarpal (ulna side) in the direction of flexion and radial deviation.<ref>Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle Testing-E-Book: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013 Sep 27.</ref>


{{#ev:youtube|v=_TfVGqPWLEA}}
{{#ev:youtube|v=vEvJoV1z6Q8|300}}<ref>EducatedPT. Shoulder Extension MMT. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEvJoV1z6Q8[last accessed 31/7/2021]</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 16:10, 31 July 2021

Original Editor - Claire Knott

Top Contributors - Claire Knott, Wanda van Niekerk and Nikhil Benhur Abburi  

Muscles Involved:[edit | edit source]

Patient Positioning[edit | edit source]

  • Patient is in prone with elbow extended with arm free to move, palm directed up in direction of internal rotation
  • For grades 0-2 patient is in side lying ('gravity minimal' position) +/- low friction board

Therapist Position[edit | edit source]

  • Therapist stands on test-side
  • Palpation over shoulder extensors

To Test[edit | edit source]

  • Patient actively extends the shoulder through available range
  • For grades 4 to 5 apply resistance over posterior surface of distal humerus in a direction opposite to extension[1]
  • To satisfy grade 5 'normal muscle' performance criteria, the patient must have the ability to move through complete range of motion (active resistance testing) OR maintain an end point range (break testing) against maximum resistance.

[2]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle Testing-E-Book: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013 Sep 27.
  2. ↑ EducatedPT. Shoulder Extension MMT. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEvJoV1z6Q8[last accessed 31/7/2021]
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