Metatarsus Adductus: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- Shaniel Walters | '''Original Editor '''- Shaniel Walters | ||
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== Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br> == | == Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br> == | ||
The skeleton of the foot is made of the | The skeleton of the foot is made of the thirty three bones, twenty six six joints and over a hundred muscles, ligaments and tendon. The foot serves primarily as a weight-bearing joint and provides a stable base of support on which to stand. Ligaments are attached to the bones which creates joints. The anatomy of the foot is divided into 3 categories: the ''Forefoot'', the ''Midfoot'' and the ''Hindfoot''. | ||
'''Hindfoot is comprised of :''' Tibiofibular joint , Talocular joint and the Subtalar (Talocalcanean) joint.<ref name=":0" group="1">Magee, D. J. (2008). Orthopedic physical assessment. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders Elsevier.</ref> | |||
'''Midfoot (Midtarsal Joints) is comprised of:''' Talocalcaneonavicular Joint, Cuneonavicular Joint, Cuboideonavicular Joint, Intercuneuform Joints, Cuneocuboid joint and the Calcaneocuboid Joint.<ref name=":0" group="1" /> | |||
== | '''Forefoot is comprised of:''' Tarsometatarsal Jointts, Intermaetatarsal Joint, Metatarsophalangeal Joints and Interphalangeal Joints.<ref name=":0" group="1" /> | ||
== Epidemiology and Etiology == | |||
There is an incidence of 1 in 100 to 1 in 5,000 live births.<ref group="2">Wildhe T.Foot deformities at birth: a longitudinal prospective study over a 16 year period. J Pediatric Orthopedic. 1997;17(1):20-24</ref> The cause of metatarsus adductus remains unknown. It is however, thought to be related to intrauterine compression. Family history may also be a causative factor. Other theoriespof causal relation includes abnormal tendon insertion of tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior and abductor hallucis muscles.<ref group="3">Hassan N, Roger J (2015) Management of Metatarsus Aductus, Bean-Shaped foot, residual clubfoot adduction and Z-shaped foot in children, with conservative treatment and and double column osteotomy of the first cuneiform and cuboid. Ann Orthop Rheumatol3(3):1050.</ref> | |||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
The forefoot is adducted and sometimes supinated , but the midfoot and hindfoot are normal. There is convexity of the lateral border of the foot, with concavity of the medial border. Older children may present with an in-toeing gait. | |||
== Diagnostic Procedures == | == Diagnostic Procedures == | ||
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add text here relating to diagnostic tests for the condition<br> | add text here relating to diagnostic tests for the condition<br> | ||
== | == Management / Interventions<br> == | ||
Specific treatment for metatarsus adductus is often determined by the following factors: | |||
* Child's Age | |||
* Medical History | |||
* Extent of the condition | |||
* Tolerance for the specific procedure | |||
* Expectations for the condition | |||
===== Interventions include: ===== | |||
* Passive Stretching | |||
* Passive Manipulation exercises | |||
* Stretching | |||
* Serial Casting | |||
* Footwear | |||
* Surgery to release the joints <br> | |||
== Differential Diagnosis<br> == | == Differential Diagnosis<br> == | ||
add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition<br> | add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition<br> | ||
<br> | |||
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</div> | </div> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
'''<nowiki><references /></nowiki>''' | |||
References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]]. | References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]]. | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 21:54, 15 August 2017
Original Editor - Shaniel Walters
Description[edit | edit source]
Metatarsus Adductus ( Hooked Foot)[edit | edit source]
Common foot deformity seen in children which causes the foot to turn inwards. The foot appears "c-shaped. This condition is often associated with hip dysplasia.
Types[edit | edit source]
Metatarsus Adductus may be classified as:
Flexible: Presents with adduction of the 5 metatarsal bones at the tarsometatarsal joint.
Rigid: Presents with medial subluxation of the tarsometatarsal joints. There is valgus of the hindfoot and the navicular is later to the head of the talus.
Clinically Relevant Anatomy
[edit | edit source]
The skeleton of the foot is made of the thirty three bones, twenty six six joints and over a hundred muscles, ligaments and tendon. The foot serves primarily as a weight-bearing joint and provides a stable base of support on which to stand. Ligaments are attached to the bones which creates joints. The anatomy of the foot is divided into 3 categories: the Forefoot, the Midfoot and the Hindfoot.
Hindfoot is comprised of : Tibiofibular joint , Talocular joint and the Subtalar (Talocalcanean) joint.[1 1]
Midfoot (Midtarsal Joints) is comprised of: Talocalcaneonavicular Joint, Cuneonavicular Joint, Cuboideonavicular Joint, Intercuneuform Joints, Cuneocuboid joint and the Calcaneocuboid Joint.[1 1]
Forefoot is comprised of: Tarsometatarsal Jointts, Intermaetatarsal Joint, Metatarsophalangeal Joints and Interphalangeal Joints.[1 1]
Epidemiology and Etiology[edit | edit source]
There is an incidence of 1 in 100 to 1 in 5,000 live births.[2 1] The cause of metatarsus adductus remains unknown. It is however, thought to be related to intrauterine compression. Family history may also be a causative factor. Other theoriespof causal relation includes abnormal tendon insertion of tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior and abductor hallucis muscles.[3 1]
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
The forefoot is adducted and sometimes supinated , but the midfoot and hindfoot are normal. There is convexity of the lateral border of the foot, with concavity of the medial border. Older children may present with an in-toeing gait.
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to diagnostic tests for the condition
Management / Interventions
[edit | edit source]
Specific treatment for metatarsus adductus is often determined by the following factors:
- Child's Age
- Medical History
- Extent of the condition
- Tolerance for the specific procedure
- Expectations for the condition
Interventions include:[edit | edit source]
- Passive Stretching
- Passive Manipulation exercises
- Stretching
- Serial Casting
- Footwear
- Surgery to release the joints
Differential Diagnosis
[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition
References[edit | edit source]
<references />
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
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Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "2", but no corresponding <references group="2"/> tag was found
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "3", but no corresponding <references group="3"/> tag was found
