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| '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} |
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| == Introduction ==
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| Muscle cramps are mostly idiopathic, commonly affecting the calf muscles and/or foot. Muscle cramps are usually short-lived and self-limited, but may be results from varieties of serious systematic disorders. <ref name=":0">[https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/569 BMJ best practice.Muscle Cramps. Available from: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/569] (accessed on 30July 2023).</ref> Physical examination and review of medical history can rather quickly and simply rule out cramps caused by pathologies. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest non-pharmacology management for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps.<ref name=":0" />
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| == Definition ==
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| A muscle cramp is a sudden, involuntary, painful muscle contraction or spasm, associated with an increase in frequency of motor action potentials and can have persistent muscle soreness and swelling with a variable rate of improvement, often terminated by stretching.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>Katzberg HD. Case studies in management of muscle cramps. Neurologic clinics. 2020 Aug 1;38(3):679-96.</ref>
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| == Epidemiology ==
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| == Etiology ==
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| * Idiopathic
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| * Pregnancy
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| * Strenuous exercise
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| * Haemodialysis
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| * Cirrhosis
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| * Metabolic or electrolyte disturbances
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| * Other chronic diseases
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| == Resources ==
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| [https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/569/pdf/569/Muscle%20cramps.pdf Muscle cramps]
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| </div>
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