Periosteum: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
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The periosteum is an intricate structure composed of an outer fibrous layer that gives structural integrity and an inner cambium layer that possesses osteogenic potential. During growth and development it aides in bone elongation and modeling, and when a bone is fractured, participates in its recovery. It is not present in sesamoid bones and the intra-articular ends of bones.<ref>Dwek JR. The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence?. Skeletal radiology. 2010 Apr;39(4):319-23. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826636/ (accessed 8.9.2022)</ref> | The periosteum is an intricate structure composed of an outer fibrous layer that gives structural integrity and an inner cambium layer that possesses osteogenic potential. During growth and development it aides in bone elongation and modeling, and when a bone is fractured, participates in its recovery. It is not present in sesamoid bones and the intra-articular ends of bones.<ref>Dwek JR. The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence?. Skeletal radiology. 2010 Apr;39(4):319-23. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826636/ (accessed 8.9.2022)</ref> | ||
Revision as of 02:30, 9 September 2022
Original Editor - Lucinda hampton
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Oyemi Sillo and Vidya Acharya
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The periosteum is an intricate structure composed of an outer fibrous layer that gives structural integrity and an inner cambium layer that possesses osteogenic potential. During growth and development it aides in bone elongation and modeling, and when a bone is fractured, participates in its recovery. It is not present in sesamoid bones and the intra-articular ends of bones.[1]
The periosteum separates the bone from surrounding structures. It contains small blood vessels that provide nourishment to the outer cortex of bones.
The periosteum has a plentiful supply of sensory nerves and is exceedingly sensitive to pain, being the main structure responsible for the acute pain experienced during fractures.[2]
Outer Fibrous Layer[edit | edit source]
The outer layer of the periosteum is mostly made of elastic fibrous material, such as collagen. It also contains blood vessels and nerves.
The blood vessels of the periosteum contribute to the blood supply of the body’s bones. They can pass into the dense and compact layer of bone tissue below, called the bone cortex.
Blood vessels enter the bone through channels called Volkmann canals that lie perpendicular to the bone. From there, the blood vessels enter another group of channels called Haversian canals, which run along the length of the bone.
The nerves of the periosteum register pain when the tissue is injured or damaged. Some of the nerves of the periosteum travel alongside the blood vessels into the bone, although many remain in the outer layer of the periosteum.[3]
Inner Cambrium Layer[edit | edit source]
The inner cellular layer of the periosteum (described as the inner cambium layer by some authors) is made up of osteoprogenitor cells (fibroblast-like cells); it is also known as the osteogenetic layer. This layer contains osteoblasts in young developing bones and in adult bones, osteoblasts may be absent, but appear whenever required (e.g., fracture healing). The rate of regeneration for healing will be slower than in a child. Accordingly this inner layer of the periosteum is thick and rich in osteoblasts in the fetus and during early childhood and becomes thinner with age. This thinning begins in childhood and continues through adulthood. Often the inner layer becomes so thin that it’s indistinguishable from the outer layer of the periosteum.[4]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Dwek JR. The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence?. Skeletal radiology. 2010 Apr;39(4):319-23. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826636/ (accessed 8.9.2022)
- ↑ Kenhub Periosteum Available:https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/periosteum (accessed 9.9.2022)
- ↑ Healthline What is the periosteum Available:https://www.healthline.com/health/periosteum#Periosteum-function-and-anatomy (accessed 9.9.2022)
- ↑ Nahian A, Chauhan PR. Histology, Periosteum and Endosteum. InStatPearls [Internet] 2022 May 8. StatPearls Publishing.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557584/ (accessed 9.9.2022)
