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...ttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278591905700247 Femoral stress fractures. Clinics in sports medicine.] 1997 Apr 1;16(2):307-17.</ref> ...1993-1-16-1/%7B30521006-a764-45f5-9f31-69c4f344b790%7D/stress-fracture-mri Stress fracture MRI]. Orthopedics. 1993 Jan 1;16(1):75-8.</ref>

..., [[Sacroiliac Compression Test|Compression Test]] and the [[Sacral Thrust Test]].<ref name="laslett 2005">Laslett M, Aprill CN, McDonald B, Young SB. [htt ...k, NY: McGraw Hill Companies. 2008:523-4.</ref> This test is often used to test for [[spondyloarthritis]], sciatica, or other forms of [[Rheumatoid Arthrit

...to the [[Linea Alba|linea alba]], the anterior half of iliac crest and the pubic tubercle. ...oints]]:''' abdominal obliques may develop trigger points due to emotional stress, extra load during exercises, or even new exercise, due to incision, direct

==== 1. Special Test: Asymmetrical Hip Rotation Range of Motion (ROM) ==== ...10° between left and right internal hip rotation is regarded as a positive test result

...ed by the fusion of the three bones of the pelvis: the ilium, ischium, and pubic [[bone]].<ref name="Dutton">Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, ....jpg|thumb|Anatomy of the sacro-iliac joint: anterior view. 1. Body of the pubic bone. 2. Auricular surface of the sacrum. 3. Sacrum. 4. Antero-superior ili

...3 = anterior attachment; 4 = ischial attachment; 5 = iliac attachment; 6 = pubic attachment.]] • Able to show adaptive changes in response to external stress

...een associated with this injury, such as athletic pubalgia, sports hernia, pubic [[Inguinal Canal|inguinal]] pain syndrome, sportsmen’s groin, footballers * [[Femur]], and [[pelvis]] and all the muscles that attach to [[Pubis|pubic]] symphysis are important for the anatomic perspective of pubalgia.

* Flexural stress ==== Main analysis tool: patient-specific reported test ====

...nvergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Journal of affective disorders. 2019 Dec 1;259:136-42. ...g, running, jumping or simply just transferring from sitting to standing? (stress incontinence)

* Also allows for the pubic symphysis area widening during the first trimester * Monitored with glucose intolerance test

[[File: Bone stress injury-Running.jpg|thumb|]] ...Wood AM. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5359760/ Lower limb stress fractures in sport: optimizing their management and outcome]. World journal

...produces pain on palpation of the adductor tendons or its insertion on the pubic bone and pain in the adductor region on resistance testing of the adductors ...chronic injuries are localized at the tendinous insertions on the [[Pubis|pubic bone]].

...osed of the sacrum, ilium, ischium and pubis. The pelvic bone consists the pubic symphysis and the sacroiliac joint. ...2003 Jun 1;46(2):456-66.</ref> This change in centre of gravity may cause stress or a change in load on the lower back and pelvic girdle.<ref name=":18" /><

* It primarily involves the [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint]], the [[Pubic Symphysis Dysfunction|symphysis pubis]] and the associated [[ligament]]<now ** Possibility of [[Femoral stress fracture|femoral neck stress fracture]] due to transient osteoporosis<ref>Boissonnault WG, Boissonnault

=== Sacroiliac Belt and the Active Straight Leg Raise Test === ...oes BW, Stam HJ. Reliability and validity of the active straight leg raise test in posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy. Spine. 2001 May 15;26(10):1167-71

...ref> and can be defined as pain between the 12th rib and the gluteal folds/pubic symphysis during the course of pregnancy, possibly radiating to the postero ...h increases the mechanical strain on the lower back. It also puts an extra stress on the intervertebral disc, possibly causing a decreased height an overall

...transverse diameter when compared with the pelvic inlet; it comprises the pubic arch, ischial spines, [[Sacrotuberous Ligament|sacrotuberous ligament]]<now ...the developing placenta and is the hormone that is measured in a pregnancy test. It acts as a signal to the mother’s body that pregnancy has occurred by

...culoskeletal such as (tension of pelvic floor muscles, inflammation of the pubic symphysis), neurological and endocrine systems. It can also be influenced b ...ain|myofascial pain]], peripartum pelvic pain syndrome, [[Stress Fractures|stress fractures]]

...ure|xiphoid]] and inferiorly approaching the [[Pubic Symphysis Dysfunction|pubic symphysis]], and widest at the level of the umbilicus).<ref name=":22">Radi ...Diastasis is attachment of the rectus muscles to the bony prominences like pubic symphysis and muscle attachments from internal and external oblique (lower)

* Pain over the sacrum or near the [[Sacroiliac Joint]] refers to a pelvic stress fracture or inflammation or malalignment of the sacroiliac joint. * Posterior pubic or ischial ramus stress fracture<ref name=":0" />