Muller's Test: Difference between revisions
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== Purpose == | == Purpose == | ||
Muller's test is used to | Muller's test is a clinical assessment used to detect posterior Cruciate Ligament disruption and measure posterior knee laxity.This test has also been termed the '''[[Quadriceps Muscle|Quadriceps]]''' Active(QA) Test by Daniel, et al<ref name=":0" /> | ||
The Muller test is performed with the patient supine, and in the same position as the [[Posterior Drawer Test (Knee)|posterior drawer]]. The first part of the test is to examine the anterior silhouette of the proximal tibia from the side and compare this to the uninjured, contralateral [[knee]]. The patient is then asked to raise his or her foot off the table. A positive test reveals posterior sag of the proximal tibia initially, and anterior translation of the proximal [[tibia]] before the foot leaving the table with attempted elevation of the foot. This anterior translation can be quantified and compared to the opposite knee.<ref name=":0">Daniel DM, et al. Use of the Quadriceps Active Test to diagnose posterior cruciate-ligament disruption and measure posterior laxity of the knee. JBJS. 1988;70A:386–391</ref>The degree of laxity is determined by comparing the posterior translation to that of the contralateral normal [[knee]]. The posterior tibial sag and [[Lachman Test|Lachman test]] can be occasionally helpful.<ref>Kieser DC, Savage E, Sharplin P. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12690277_Posterior_Cruciate_Ligament_Injuries_of_the_Knee_Joint A Positive Quadriceps Active Test, without the Quadriceps Being Active.] Case Rep Orthop. 2019;2019:1–4. </ref> | |||
{{#ev:youtube|5H0dALG6RR4|300}}<ref>The Knee Resource. Quads Active Test. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5H0dALG6RR4 [last accessed 29/6/2024]</ref> | |||
The Muller test is performed with the patient supine, and in the same position as the posterior drawer. The first part of the test is to examine the anterior silhouette of the proximal tibia from the side | |||
{{#ev:youtube| | |||
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== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
In the Quadriceps Active Test, the patient is asked to contract the quadriceps muscle while maintaining the knee in a flexed position. This action pulls the tibia upward, eliminating the sag.<ref>Rossi R, Dettoni F, Bruzzone M, Cottino U, D’Elicio DG, Bonasia DE. Clinical examination of the knee: Know your tools for diagnosis of knee injuries. Sport Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol [Internet]. 2011;3(1):25. Available from: <nowiki>http://www.smarttjournal.com/content/3/1/25</nowiki></ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 11:09, 29 June 2024
Original Editor - Rachael Lowe
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Purpose[edit | edit source]
Muller's test is a clinical assessment used to detect posterior Cruciate Ligament disruption and measure posterior knee laxity.This test has also been termed the Quadriceps Active(QA) Test by Daniel, et al[1]
The Muller test is performed with the patient supine, and in the same position as the posterior drawer. The first part of the test is to examine the anterior silhouette of the proximal tibia from the side and compare this to the uninjured, contralateral knee. The patient is then asked to raise his or her foot off the table. A positive test reveals posterior sag of the proximal tibia initially, and anterior translation of the proximal tibia before the foot leaving the table with attempted elevation of the foot. This anterior translation can be quantified and compared to the opposite knee.[1]The degree of laxity is determined by comparing the posterior translation to that of the contralateral normal knee. The posterior tibial sag and Lachman test can be occasionally helpful.[2]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
In the Quadriceps Active Test, the patient is asked to contract the quadriceps muscle while maintaining the knee in a flexed position. This action pulls the tibia upward, eliminating the sag.[4]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Daniel DM, et al. Use of the Quadriceps Active Test to diagnose posterior cruciate-ligament disruption and measure posterior laxity of the knee. JBJS. 1988;70A:386–391
- ↑ Kieser DC, Savage E, Sharplin P. A Positive Quadriceps Active Test, without the Quadriceps Being Active. Case Rep Orthop. 2019;2019:1–4.
- ↑ The Knee Resource. Quads Active Test. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5H0dALG6RR4 [last accessed 29/6/2024]
- ↑ Rossi R, Dettoni F, Bruzzone M, Cottino U, D’Elicio DG, Bonasia DE. Clinical examination of the knee: Know your tools for diagnosis of knee injuries. Sport Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol [Internet]. 2011;3(1):25. Available from: http://www.smarttjournal.com/content/3/1/25
