Testicular Cancer: Difference between revisions
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== Definition/Description == | == Definition/Description == | ||
-Testicular cancer occurs when cells in one or both testicles become malignant.<sup>1</sup><br>-Germ cell tumors (origin in the primordial germ cells) make up more than 95% of testicular tumors, whereas the remaining neoplasms are mostly tumors of stromal or sex cord origin.<sup>1</sup> | -Testicular cancer occurs when cells in one or both testicles become malignant.<sup>1</sup><br>-Germ cell tumors (origin in the primordial germ cells) make up more than 95% of testicular tumors, whereas the remaining neoplasms are mostly tumors of stromal or sex cord origin.<sup>1</sup> | ||
-Carcinoma in situ usually becomes an invasive germ cell tumor in a median period of <br>approximately 5 years.<br>-The neoplastic transformation of a germ cell results in either a seminoma, an undifferentiated tumor, or a nonseminomatous tumor comprised of embryonal carcinoma teratoma, choriocarcinoma, or yolk-sac carcinoma (endodermal-sinus tumor).<sup>1</sup> <br>-Primary testicular tumors are divided into two histogenic categories: seminoma and nonseminoma.<sup>1</sup> | -Carcinoma in situ usually becomes an invasive germ cell tumor in a median period of <br>approximately 5 years.<sup>1</sup><br>-The neoplastic transformation of a germ cell results in either a seminoma, an undifferentiated tumor, or a nonseminomatous tumor comprised of embryonal carcinoma teratoma, choriocarcinoma, or yolk-sac carcinoma (endodermal-sinus tumor).<sup>1</sup> <br>-Primary testicular tumors are divided into two histogenic categories: seminoma and nonseminoma.<sup>1</sup> | ||
-Seminomas are the most common testicular cancers, accounting for approximately 40% to 50% of germ cell tumors and most often appearing in the fourth decade of life.<sup>1</sup><br>-Seminomas appear as a solid, grey-white growth and are rarely necrotic or cystic.<sup>1 </sup>The entire testis can be replaced by the tumor.<sup>1</sup><br>-The incidence of nonseminomas peaks in the third decade of life, hemorrhage, necrosis, or cystic changes are more common.<sup>1</sup><br>-Yolk-sac tumors are the most common germ cell tumors of infants.<sup>1</sup> These tumors result in enlarged testes, which appear grossly as poorly defined lobulated masses.<sup>1 </sup>Focal areas of hemorrhage are common.<sup>1</sup> <br>-Metastatic tumors to the testis from primary neoplasm elsewhere in the body are uncommon, although involvement by lymphoma may occur in older men.<sup>1</sup><br><br> | -Seminomas are the most common testicular cancers, accounting for approximately 40% to 50% of germ cell tumors and most often appearing in the fourth decade of life.<sup>1</sup><br>-Seminomas appear as a solid, grey-white growth and are rarely necrotic or cystic.<sup>1 </sup>The entire testis can be replaced by the tumor.<sup>1</sup><br>-The incidence of nonseminomas peaks in the third decade of life, hemorrhage, necrosis, or cystic changes are more common.<sup>1</sup><br>-Yolk-sac tumors are the most common germ cell tumors of infants.<sup>1</sup> These tumors result in enlarged testes, which appear grossly as poorly defined lobulated masses.<sup>1 </sup>Focal areas of hemorrhage are common.<sup>1</sup> <br>-Metastatic tumors to the testis from primary neoplasm elsewhere in the body are uncommon, although involvement by lymphoma may occur in older men.<sup>1</sup><br><br> | ||
Revision as of 20:30, 7 March 2010
Original Editors - Brandon Davis from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Lead Editors - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. Read more.
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
-Testicular cancer occurs when cells in one or both testicles become malignant.1
-Germ cell tumors (origin in the primordial germ cells) make up more than 95% of testicular tumors, whereas the remaining neoplasms are mostly tumors of stromal or sex cord origin.1
-Carcinoma in situ usually becomes an invasive germ cell tumor in a median period of
approximately 5 years.1
-The neoplastic transformation of a germ cell results in either a seminoma, an undifferentiated tumor, or a nonseminomatous tumor comprised of embryonal carcinoma teratoma, choriocarcinoma, or yolk-sac carcinoma (endodermal-sinus tumor).1
-Primary testicular tumors are divided into two histogenic categories: seminoma and nonseminoma.1
-Seminomas are the most common testicular cancers, accounting for approximately 40% to 50% of germ cell tumors and most often appearing in the fourth decade of life.1
-Seminomas appear as a solid, grey-white growth and are rarely necrotic or cystic.1 The entire testis can be replaced by the tumor.1
-The incidence of nonseminomas peaks in the third decade of life, hemorrhage, necrosis, or cystic changes are more common.1
-Yolk-sac tumors are the most common germ cell tumors of infants.1 These tumors result in enlarged testes, which appear grossly as poorly defined lobulated masses.1 Focal areas of hemorrhage are common.1
-Metastatic tumors to the testis from primary neoplasm elsewhere in the body are uncommon, although involvement by lymphoma may occur in older men.1
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
-Testicular cancer is relatively rare and occurs most often in young men between the ages of 15 and 35 years old, although any male can be affected at any time (including infants).1
-Testicular cancer in the most common solid organ tumor in young men.2
-Testicular cancer is the second most common malignancy from age 35 to 39 years with a white-to-black incidence ratio of 5 to 1.2
-According to the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, about 8,000 men are diagnosed with testicular cancer each year (390 deaths annually).1
-The incidence of testicular cancer around the world has doubled in the past 30 to 40 years.1
-There are considerable geographic and ethnic variations in the global incidence of testicular cancer.2
-The disease mainly affects Western populations, with an increasing incidence since the middle of the twentieth century.2
-Average rates in developed areas of the world are six times higher than those in developing areas.2
-Approximately 79,200 new cases of testicular cancer were estimated to occur in the United States in 2007.2
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