Craniocervical Instability in Down Syndrome: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Down Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome (chromosome 21) which results in atypical physical and cognitive development. | |||
== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | == Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | ||
Bones: Occiput (inferior aspect of the skull), Atlas (C1), Axis (C2), C3-C7 | Bones: Occiput (inferior aspect of the skull), Atlas (C1), Axis (C2), C3-C7 | ||
Joints: | Joints: Atlanto-occipital (C0/C1) & Atlanto-axial (C1/C2) | ||
Ligaments:Apical, Alar, Transverse Occipital, Transverse, Accessory Atlanto-axial, Nuchal, Intertransverse, Supraspinous, Interspinous, Anterior Longitudinal, Posterior Longitudinal | Ligaments:Apical, Alar, Transverse Occipital, Transverse, Accessory Atlanto-axial, Nuchal, Intertransverse, Supraspinous, Interspinous, Anterior Longitudinal, Posterior Longitudinal | ||
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Muscles: Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis, Longus Colli, Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapulae | Muscles: Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis, Longus Colli, Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapulae | ||
[ADD DIAGRAM/PICTURE] | |||
== Overview of Pathology == | == Overview of Pathology == | ||
Revision as of 23:56, 11 May 2021
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (11/05/2021)
Original Editor - Beth Potter|Catherine Stanislas|Emily Westwood
Top Contributors - Beth Potter, Angeliki Chorti, Cindy John-Chu, Carina Therese Magtibay, Laura Beaman, Kim Jackson, Rucha Gadgil and Naomi O'Reilly
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Down Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome (chromosome 21) which results in atypical physical and cognitive development.
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
Bones: Occiput (inferior aspect of the skull), Atlas (C1), Axis (C2), C3-C7
Joints: Atlanto-occipital (C0/C1) & Atlanto-axial (C1/C2)
Ligaments:Apical, Alar, Transverse Occipital, Transverse, Accessory Atlanto-axial, Nuchal, Intertransverse, Supraspinous, Interspinous, Anterior Longitudinal, Posterior Longitudinal
Muscles: Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis, Longus Colli, Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapulae
[ADD DIAGRAM/PICTURE]
Overview of Pathology[edit | edit source]
Occipito-axial Instability in Down Syndrome[edit | edit source]
Atlanto-axial Instability in Down Syndrome[edit | edit source]
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Signs & Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Differential Diagnoses[edit | edit source]
Screening[edit | edit source]
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
Examination[edit | edit source]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pj-8cAkFYiA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mbXER7QtNM
Management[edit | edit source]
Surgical
Conservative
Guidelines for Sport[edit | edit source]
Official Recommendations
Contraindications
Exercise for Mental Health
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
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or
- numbered list
- x
