Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): Difference between revisions
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The neonatal physiotherapist should specialize in a range of motion exercises to overcome musculoskeletal problems. To understand and organize neonatal physiotherapy NICU practice regime should be known. The NICU practice regime is based on dynamic system theory of development that is (1) the worldwide classification of function, (2) disability and health, and (3) family-centered care. Parent's education and cooperation are very essential regarding the NICU physiotherapy and invasive procedures adopted in the NICU.<sup>[8]</sup> Kinesthetic stimulation helps in preventing neuromuscular complications in admitted newborns in the NICU. Interventions such as kinesthetic stimulation and vestibular sensory systems show positive effects on very premature newborns. Techniques such as kangaroo care, swaddling helps in pain reduction and influences the positive neurobehavioral states. The early care interventions in premature newborn show positive effects on neurodevelopmental states.<sup>[9]</sup> Due to prolonged immobilization, lack of physical activity leads to demineralization and growth retardation of bone in newborns. Studies tell that the range of motion exercises performed by therapist in different joints helps in increasing bone mineral density and weight gain in premature newborns.<sup>[8]</sup> In the NICU, neonates experience long-term sequel of pain during invasive medical procedures. Hydrotherapy helps in pain reduction and improvement in sleep cycle of hospitalized stable premature newborn.<sup>[10]</sup> Chest physiotherapy techniques such as percussions, vibrations, positioning for postural drainage, and airway suctioning are done for total 15 min, twice a day. At least 2—3 min should be spent on each affected site while giving chest physical therapy for the airway clearance and to maintain the adequate levels of oxygenation<ref>Sharma N, Samuel AJ, Aranha VP. [https://www.jcnonweb.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4847;year=2018;volume=7;issue=3;spage=111;epage=115;aulast=Sharma Pediatric physiotherapists' role in the neonatal intensive care unit: Parent and health-care providers' perspectives]. Journal of Clinical Neonatology. 2018 Jul 1;7(3):111. Available: https://www.jcnonweb.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4847;year=2018;volume=7;issue=3;spage=111;epage=115;aulast=Sharma<nowiki/>(accessed 6.10.2021)</ref> | |||
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Revision as of 05:44, 6 October 2021
Original Editor - Lucinda hampton
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Stella Constantinides, Kim Jackson and Vidya Acharya
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) deliver services to babies who need specialised treatment for critical illnesses during the first months of life. A NICU has advanced life support equipment and a team of highly skilled specialist medical and nursing staff to meet the unique needs of newborn babies.[1]
Neonatal staff: There are different types of staff in a NICU including:
- Neonatologists – doctors who specialise in looking after premature or ill newborns
- Nurses and midwives with special training in neonatal care
- Lactation consultants
- Allied healthcare providers such as social workers and physiotherapists
- Other medical specialists such as anaesthetists or surgeons[1].
The NICU can be overwhelming for parents as there are many pieces of equipment. The staff should explain to the parents what treatment, equipment and monitoring the baby needs eg. An incubator or heated cot to help regulate body temperature, a ventilator that assists breathing (in NICU), machines to deliver fluids/medicines via tubes directly into their veins, monitors attached to the baby’s body so that their heart rate, breathing rate and blood oxygen levels can be checked[1].
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The neonatal physiotherapist should specialize in a range of motion exercises to overcome musculoskeletal problems. To understand and organize neonatal physiotherapy NICU practice regime should be known. The NICU practice regime is based on dynamic system theory of development that is (1) the worldwide classification of function, (2) disability and health, and (3) family-centered care. Parent's education and cooperation are very essential regarding the NICU physiotherapy and invasive procedures adopted in the NICU.[8] Kinesthetic stimulation helps in preventing neuromuscular complications in admitted newborns in the NICU. Interventions such as kinesthetic stimulation and vestibular sensory systems show positive effects on very premature newborns. Techniques such as kangaroo care, swaddling helps in pain reduction and influences the positive neurobehavioral states. The early care interventions in premature newborn show positive effects on neurodevelopmental states.[9] Due to prolonged immobilization, lack of physical activity leads to demineralization and growth retardation of bone in newborns. Studies tell that the range of motion exercises performed by therapist in different joints helps in increasing bone mineral density and weight gain in premature newborns.[8] In the NICU, neonates experience long-term sequel of pain during invasive medical procedures. Hydrotherapy helps in pain reduction and improvement in sleep cycle of hospitalized stable premature newborn.[10] Chest physiotherapy techniques such as percussions, vibrations, positioning for postural drainage, and airway suctioning are done for total 15 min, twice a day. At least 2—3 min should be spent on each affected site while giving chest physical therapy for the airway clearance and to maintain the adequate levels of oxygenation[2]
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Resources[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 cahs health NICU Available:https://cahs.health.wa.gov.au/Our-services/Neonatology/Neonatal-Intensive-Care-Unit (accessed 6.10.2021)
- ↑ Sharma N, Samuel AJ, Aranha VP. Pediatric physiotherapists' role in the neonatal intensive care unit: Parent and health-care providers' perspectives. Journal of Clinical Neonatology. 2018 Jul 1;7(3):111. Available: https://www.jcnonweb.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4847;year=2018;volume=7;issue=3;spage=111;epage=115;aulast=Sharma(accessed 6.10.2021)
