Basic Life Support (BLS): Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
Basic Life Support (BLS) is performed to support the patient’s circulation and respiration through the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until advanced life support arrives. Victims who have had early and correct BLS intervention will be better oxygenated and are more likely to respond to advanced techniques to revive them, thereby increasing their chance of survival. 


BLS is the core of any resuscitation attempt, key elements include: 


== Description<br>  ==
# Prompt recognition of cardiac arrest
Maintaining an airway and supporting breathing and circulation without the use of technology is what basic life support (BLS) entails (except for a protective shield).It includes the following steps: (a) initial evaluation; (b) airway maintenance; (c) expired air ventilation; and (d) chest compression. <ref>Mclean JA. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/34/2/141 Basic life support]. British journal of sports medicine. 2000 Apr 1;34(2):141-2.</ref>Cardiac arrests and accidents are perhaps the most prevalent types of serious emergencies, yet basic actions and abilities can help, and timely cardiopulmonary resusciation (CPR) can double or treble the odds of survival. <ref name=":0">Almesned A, Almeman A, Alakhtar AM, AlAboudi AA, Alotaibi AZ, Al-Ghasham YA, Aldamegh MS. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166986/ Basic life support knowledge of healthcare students and professionals in the Qassim University.] International journal of health sciences. 2014 Apr;8(2):141.</ref> Within 3–5 minutes following collapse, delivering a shock with a defibrillator (CPR plus defibrillation) can result in a survival probability of 49–75 %. <ref name=":0" />
# Call for urgent medical assistance
# Early effective CPR with an emphasis on minimal disruptions to compressions
# Early [[Cardioversion|defibrillation]]
# Early advanced life support  
# Integrated post-cardiac arrest care<ref>Health care Australia BLS Available: https://services.healthcareaustralia.com.au/education/eLearning%20BLS%20Tutorial%20Version%209%20-%20Dec%202016-%20ACN%20approved%20feb%202016.pdf<nowiki/>(accessed 2.3.2022)</ref>


== Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) ==
== Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) ==
Cardiac arrest, in the form of abrupt cardiac death, occurs in unexpected places other than medical facilities.After cardiac arrest, fast ischemia damage to body tissues, including the brain, necessitates performing a quick resuscitation to restore life. When the heart stops beating, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is used to save the patient's life.After a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR can double or triple the possibilities of survival.For adults, the basic life support sequence has changed from "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, Chest Compressions) to "C-A-B" (Chest Compressions, Airway, Breathing).  <ref>Lee K. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3475464/ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: new concept.] Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. 2012 May 29;72(5):401-8.</ref>  
CPR is a lifesaving technique. It aims to keep blood and oxygen flowing through the body when a person’s heart and breathing have stopped<ref>healthline CPR Available:https://www.healthline.com/health/first-aid/cpr (accessed 2.3.2022)</ref>. Cardiac arrest occurs in unexpected places other than medical facilities.  
 
CPR is for people experiencing cardiac arrest.  
 
When the heart stops beating, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is used to save the patient's life. After a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR can double or triple the possibilities of survival.  
 
For adults, the basic life support sequence has changed from "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, Chest Compressions) to "C-A-B" (Chest Compressions, Airway, Breathing).  <ref>Lee K. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3475464/ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: new concept.] Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. 2012 May 29;72(5):401-8.</ref>  


== Steps ==
== Steps ==

Revision as of 02:01, 2 March 2022

Original Editor - Safiya Naz

Top Contributors - Safiya Naz, Lucinda hampton and Kim Jackson  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Basic Life Support (BLS) is performed to support the patient’s circulation and respiration through the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until advanced life support arrives. Victims who have had early and correct BLS intervention will be better oxygenated and are more likely to respond to advanced techniques to revive them, thereby increasing their chance of survival.

BLS is the core of any resuscitation attempt, key elements include:

  1. Prompt recognition of cardiac arrest
  2. Call for urgent medical assistance
  3. Early effective CPR with an emphasis on minimal disruptions to compressions
  4. Early defibrillation
  5. Early advanced life support
  6. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care[1]

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)[edit | edit source]

CPR is a lifesaving technique. It aims to keep blood and oxygen flowing through the body when a person’s heart and breathing have stopped[2]. Cardiac arrest occurs in unexpected places other than medical facilities.

CPR is for people experiencing cardiac arrest.

When the heart stops beating, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is used to save the patient's life. After a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR can double or triple the possibilities of survival.

For adults, the basic life support sequence has changed from "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, Chest Compressions) to "C-A-B" (Chest Compressions, Airway, Breathing). [3]

Steps[edit | edit source]

Combine Rescue Breathing With Chest Compressions[edit | edit source]

  • Use head tilt and chin lift to reopen the airway after 30 compressions.
  • Pinch the soft section of the victim's nose closed with your index and thumb on the forehead
    Allow the victim's mouth to open, while keep the chin lifted.
  • Take a regular breath and place your lips around the victim's mouth, ensuring an airtight seal.
  • Blow slowly and steadily into the mouth while keeping an eye on the chest to see if it rises, about 1 second, as in normal breathing.It is a good rescue breath.
  • Keep your head tilted and chin lifted as you take your mouth away from the sufferer and watch for the chest to drop as air escapes.
  • Take another regular breath and blow into the victim's mouth once more for a total of two rescue breaths.
  • Even if one or both of the breaths are ineffective, do not stop compressions for more than 10 seconds to deliver the two breaths.
  • Return your hands to the correct position on the sternum immediately and give another 30 chest compressions
  • Maintain a 30:2 ratio of chest compressions and rescue breaths.[4]

Compression-Only CPR[edit | edit source]

Give chest-compression-only CPR if you are unprepared or unable to give rescue breaths (continuous compressions at a rate of 100-120 min-1) [4]

[5]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Health care Australia BLS Available: https://services.healthcareaustralia.com.au/education/eLearning%20BLS%20Tutorial%20Version%209%20-%20Dec%202016-%20ACN%20approved%20feb%202016.pdf(accessed 2.3.2022)
  2. ↑ healthline CPR Available:https://www.healthline.com/health/first-aid/cpr (accessed 2.3.2022)
  3. ↑ Lee K. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: new concept. Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. 2012 May 29;72(5):401-8.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 European Resucitaion Council.Guidlelines 2021. Available from: https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8W0xHeet2hoJ:https://cprguidelines.eu/assets/posters/3.BLS-Algorithms-STEP-BY-STEP.pdf+&cd=17&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=pk&client=firefox-b-d
  5. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hizBdM1Ob68
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