Active and Passive Insufficiency: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
The | The amount of force or tension generated by a multi-joint muscle (muscle that crosses two or more joints) diminishes as it moves the joints simultaneously. Muscle insufficiency is a condition in which a muscle is unable to exert its normal force and bring about movement of the part to which it is attached.<ref>2. muscular insufficiency [Internet]. TheFreeDictionary.com. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: <nowiki>https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/muscular+insufficiency</nowiki></ref> It can either be passive or active. | ||
== Active Insufficiency == | == Active Insufficiency == | ||
When a muscle becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously, hence, creates so much slack, that muscle tension is almost completely lost<ref name=":0">1. Rogers M, Rogers M. Understanding Active and Passive Insufficiency [Internet]. National Federation of Professional Trainers. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: https://www.nfpt.com/blog/understanding-active-and-passive-insufficiency</ref>. | When a muscle becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously, hence, creates so much slack, that muscle tension is almost completely lost<ref name=":0">1. Rogers M, Rogers M. Understanding Active and Passive Insufficiency [Internet]. National Federation of Professional Trainers. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: https://www.nfpt.com/blog/understanding-active-and-passive-insufficiency</ref>. | ||
* The | * The hip cannot be fully flexed, and the knee fully extended simultaneously, because of the shortening of the Rectus femoris. | ||
[[File:Hip flexion 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Hip flexion|237x237px| | [[File:Hip flexion 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Hip flexion|237x237px|left|Hip flexion without knee extension]] | ||
[[File:Active insufficiency.jpg|thumb|204x204px|center|Hip flexion together with knee extension (Active insufficiency)]] | |||
[[File:Active insufficiency.jpg|thumb|204x204px|center]] | |||
* Maximal shoulder flexion cannot be achieved simultaneously with maximal elbow flexion due to the shortening of the | * Maximal shoulder flexion cannot be achieved simultaneously with maximal elbow flexion due to the shortening of the Biceps brachii. | ||
*[[File:Active insufficiency of biceps brachii.jpg|center|thumb]] | |||
== Passive Insufficiency == | == Passive Insufficiency == | ||
When the opposing muscle (antagonist) | When the opposing muscle (antagonist) is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, passive insufficiency is reached. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also preventing the full range of motion of each joint it crosses.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
* Full finger flexion cannot be achieved if wrist flexion occurs simultaneously.[[File:Passive insufficiency.jpg|thumb|182x182px|center]] | * Full finger flexion cannot be achieved if wrist flexion occurs simultaneously.[[File:Passive insufficiency.jpg|thumb|182x182px|center]] | ||
*Maximal hip flexion and maximal knee extension are limited by the lengthening of the Hamstrings.[[File:Passive insufficiency of the hamstrings.png|center|thumb]] | |||
* Maximal hip flexion and maximal knee extension are limited by the lengthening of the Hamstrings. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 05:20, 19 September 2020
Original Editor - Innocent Abugu
Top Contributors - Innocent Abugu, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson and Alicia Fernandes
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The amount of force or tension generated by a multi-joint muscle (muscle that crosses two or more joints) diminishes as it moves the joints simultaneously. Muscle insufficiency is a condition in which a muscle is unable to exert its normal force and bring about movement of the part to which it is attached.[1] It can either be passive or active.
Active Insufficiency[edit | edit source]
When a muscle becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously, hence, creates so much slack, that muscle tension is almost completely lost[2].
- The hip cannot be fully flexed, and the knee fully extended simultaneously, because of the shortening of the Rectus femoris.
- Maximal shoulder flexion cannot be achieved simultaneously with maximal elbow flexion due to the shortening of the Biceps brachii.
Passive Insufficiency[edit | edit source]
When the opposing muscle (antagonist) is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, passive insufficiency is reached. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also preventing the full range of motion of each joint it crosses.[2]
- Full finger flexion cannot be achieved if wrist flexion occurs simultaneously.
- Maximal hip flexion and maximal knee extension are limited by the lengthening of the Hamstrings.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 2. muscular insufficiency [Internet]. TheFreeDictionary.com. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/muscular+insufficiency
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1. Rogers M, Rogers M. Understanding Active and Passive Insufficiency [Internet]. National Federation of Professional Trainers. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: https://www.nfpt.com/blog/understanding-active-and-passive-insufficiency
