Active and Passive Insufficiency: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
The active insufficiency of a muscle that crosses two or more joints occurs when the muscle produces simultaneous movement at all the joints it crosses and reaches such a shortened position that it no longer has the ability to develop effective tension<ref>Clarkson HM. Musculoskeletal assessment: joint range of motion and manual muscle strength. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.</ref>. When a prime mover (agonist) becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached. | The active insufficiency of a muscle that crosses two or more joints occurs when the muscle produces simultaneous movement at all the joints it crosses and reaches such a shortened position that it no longer has the ability to develop effective tension<ref>Clarkson HM. Musculoskeletal assessment: joint range of motion and manual muscle strength. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.</ref>. When a prime mover (agonist) becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached. | ||
* The hip cannot be fully flexed, and the knee fully extended simultaneously, because of the shortening of the rectus femoris. | * The hip cannot be fully flexed, and the knee fully extended simultaneously, because of the shortening of the rectus femoris. | ||
* Maximal shoulder flexion cannot be achieved simultaneously with maximal elbow flexion due to the shortening of the [[Biceps brachii]]. | * Maximal shoulder flexion cannot be achieved simultaneously with maximal elbow flexion due to the shortening of the [[Biceps brachii]]. | ||
* | *{{#ev:youtube|FT7OABz8I5k}}<ref>GUStrenght. What is Active Insufficiency of Muscle. Available from: https://youtu.be/FT7OABz8I5k</ref> | ||
== Passive Insufficiency == | == Passive Insufficiency == | ||
When the opposing muscle (antagonist) is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, passive insufficiency is reached. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also preventing the full range of motion of each joint it crosses.<ref name=":0">1. Rogers M, Rogers M. Understanding Active and Passive Insufficiency [Internet]. National Federation of Professional Trainers. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: https://www.nfpt.com/blog/understanding-active-and-passive-insufficiency</ref> | When the opposing muscle (antagonist) is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, passive insufficiency is reached. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also preventing the full range of motion of each joint it crosses.<ref name=":0">1. Rogers M, Rogers M. Understanding Active and Passive Insufficiency [Internet]. National Federation of Professional Trainers. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: https://www.nfpt.com/blog/understanding-active-and-passive-insufficiency</ref> | ||
* Full finger flexion cannot be achieved if wrist flexion occurs simultaneously. | * Full finger flexion cannot be achieved if wrist flexion occurs simultaneously. | ||
*Maximal hip flexion and maximal knee extension are limited by the lengthening of the [[Hamstrings]]. | *Maximal hip flexion and maximal knee extension are limited by the lengthening of the [[Hamstrings]]. | ||
{{#ev:youtube|vCEYDZvox2s}}<ref>Dr. Veronica Foster. Biomechanics Lecture 19 - Active and Passive Insufficiency. Available from:https://youtu.be/vCEYDZvox2s</ref> | {{#ev:youtube|vCEYDZvox2s}}<ref>Dr. Veronica Foster. Biomechanics Lecture 19 - Active and Passive Insufficiency. Available from:https://youtu.be/vCEYDZvox2s</ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:02, 21 September 2020
Original Editor -Innocent Abugu
Top Contributors - Innocent Abugu, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson and Alicia Fernandes
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The amount of force or tension generated by a multi-joint muscle (muscle that crosses two or more joints) diminishes as the muscle moves the joints simultaneously. This is referred to as muscle insufficiency. It can either be passive or active.
Active Insufficiency[edit | edit source]
The active insufficiency of a muscle that crosses two or more joints occurs when the muscle produces simultaneous movement at all the joints it crosses and reaches such a shortened position that it no longer has the ability to develop effective tension[1]. When a prime mover (agonist) becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached.
- The hip cannot be fully flexed, and the knee fully extended simultaneously, because of the shortening of the rectus femoris.
- Maximal shoulder flexion cannot be achieved simultaneously with maximal elbow flexion due to the shortening of the Biceps brachii.
- [2]
Passive Insufficiency[edit | edit source]
When the opposing muscle (antagonist) is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, passive insufficiency is reached. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also preventing the full range of motion of each joint it crosses.[3]
- Full finger flexion cannot be achieved if wrist flexion occurs simultaneously.
- Maximal hip flexion and maximal knee extension are limited by the lengthening of the Hamstrings.
Clinical Relevance[edit | edit source]
During rehabilitation, each joint should be moved individually through its available range of motion in order to maintain or improve the amount of range of motion at that joint.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Clarkson HM. Musculoskeletal assessment: joint range of motion and manual muscle strength. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
- ↑ GUStrenght. What is Active Insufficiency of Muscle. Available from: https://youtu.be/FT7OABz8I5k
- ↑ 1. Rogers M, Rogers M. Understanding Active and Passive Insufficiency [Internet]. National Federation of Professional Trainers. 2020 [cited 17 September 2020]. Available from: https://www.nfpt.com/blog/understanding-active-and-passive-insufficiency
- ↑ Dr. Veronica Foster. Biomechanics Lecture 19 - Active and Passive Insufficiency. Available from:https://youtu.be/vCEYDZvox2s
