Syringobulbia: Difference between revisions
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== Pathological Process == | == Pathological Process == | ||
Syringobulbia is usually a late extension of syringomyelia into the medulla, although isolated cases of syringobulbia have been documented<ref>Sahoo S, Pearl PL. Syringobulbia. In: NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2003:590-91.</ref>. The exact etiology is unknown. However some factors may be considered - small posterior fossa and birth trauma leading to hematomyelia or arachnoid scarring<ref>Nogués M, López L, Meli F. Neuro-ophthalmologic complications of syringobulbia. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2010 Nov 1;10(6):459-66.</ref> | Syringobulbia is usually a late extension of syringomyelia into the medulla, although isolated cases of syringobulbia have been documented<ref>Sahoo S, Pearl PL. Syringobulbia. In: NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2003:590-91.</ref>. The exact etiology is unknown. However some factors may be considered - small posterior fossa and birth trauma leading to hematomyelia or arachnoid scarring<ref>Nogués M, López L, Meli F. Neuro-ophthalmologic complications of syringobulbia. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2010 Nov 1;10(6):459-66.</ref>. Jonesco-Sisesti described cavitation in 3 spaces - motor and sensory nuclei in the floor of the fourth ventricle and extending anterolaterally from there (most common), midline from the floor of the fourth ventricle along the medial raphe for a shorter or longer distance and also medial and ventral, interrupting fibers of the hypoglossal nerve.<ref>Murray TJ. SYRINGOBULBIA—A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAINSTEM. 1986. By N. Jonesco-Sisesti. Translated into English, edited and annotated by Dr. Robert T. Ross. Published by Praeger, New York and London. 315 pages. $65 Cdn. approx. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1987 Nov;14(4):659-.</ref> | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
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Description/Definition[edit | edit source]
Syringobulbia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-filled cavity called syrinx within the spinal cord that extends to involve the caudal portion of the brainstem (especially the medulla). The sensory and motor neurons can be affected due to this interruption. This disorder can be associated with Syringomyelia (syrinx is limited to spinal cord) and Arnold-Chiari Malformation 1. “Communicating” syringomyelia/syringobulbia refers to cavities with direct communication with the fourth ventricle.
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The brainstem is an area that lies deep within the cerebral hemispheres and cervical spinal cord. It is divided into midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It controls the involuntary actions of the body like breathing. It has various control centers for actions such as swallowing and vasomotor control. It also has nuclei for cranial nerves, sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic functions.[1]
Pathological Process[edit | edit source]
Syringobulbia is usually a late extension of syringomyelia into the medulla, although isolated cases of syringobulbia have been documented[2]. The exact etiology is unknown. However some factors may be considered - small posterior fossa and birth trauma leading to hematomyelia or arachnoid scarring[3]. Jonesco-Sisesti described cavitation in 3 spaces - motor and sensory nuclei in the floor of the fourth ventricle and extending anterolaterally from there (most common), midline from the floor of the fourth ventricle along the medial raphe for a shorter or longer distance and also medial and ventral, interrupting fibers of the hypoglossal nerve.[4]
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to diagnostic tests for the condition
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
add links to outcome measures here (see Outcome Measures Database)
Management / Interventions[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to management approaches to the condition
Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition
Resources[edit | edit source]
add appropriate resources here
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Robert Joynt, Brainstem, Encyclopaedia Britannica
- ↑ Sahoo S, Pearl PL. Syringobulbia. In: NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2003:590-91.
- ↑ Nogués M, López L, Meli F. Neuro-ophthalmologic complications of syringobulbia. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2010 Nov 1;10(6):459-66.
- ↑ Murray TJ. SYRINGOBULBIA—A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAINSTEM. 1986. By N. Jonesco-Sisesti. Translated into English, edited and annotated by Dr. Robert T. Ross. Published by Praeger, New York and London. 315 pages. $65 Cdn. approx. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1987 Nov;14(4):659-.
