Hypercalcemia
Original Editors - Whitney Browning & Natalie Elliott from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
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Definition/Description
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Hypercalcemia is characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood. It may include symptoms associated with the musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. Hypercalcemia is often a sign or symptom of other disease occurring within the body. Normal calcium levels range from 8.2-10.2 mg/dL. Mild hypercalcemia occurs when this level drops to 12mg/dL and severe hypercalcemia is classified as serum calcium at 14mg/dL.
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Hypercalcemia often occurs in cases of metastatic bone disease with osteolytic lesions. It is also common in cases of breast cancer and myeloma due to an increase in bone resorption caused by tumor cell production of parathyroid hormone-related protein that stimulates osteoclasts.********
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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