Mallet Finger: Difference between revisions
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<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Lucinda hampton|Lucinda hampton]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> | <div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Lucinda hampton|Lucinda hampton]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> | ||
= | === Description === | ||
[[File:Mallet Finger Injury.jpg|right|frameless]] | |||
Mallet finger is the term usually applied to extensor avulsion fractures. It may also be caused by [[Extensor tendon injuries of the fingers and hand|distal extensor tendon ruptures]]. Either one results in an inability to extend the DIP joint. Mallet finger injuries are named for the resulting flexion deformity of the fingertip, which resembles a mallet or hammer. Mallet finger injuries are caused by the disruption of the extensor mechanism of the phalanx at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint usually due to a forced flexion at the distal interphalangeal joint. This injury results in the inability to extend the distal phalanx. A mallet fracture occurs when the extensor tendon also causes an avulsion of the distal phalanx<ref name=":0">Yee J, Waseem M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/ Mallet Finger Injuries]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 May 5. StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/ (last accessed 7.12.2019)</ref><br> | |||
<br> | |||
= Clinically Relevant Anatomy = | === Clinically Relevant Anatomy === | ||
[[File:Interactive hand - hand - L13F20.jpg|right|frameless]] | |||
The extensor tendons straighten the fingers and thumb through a very complex arrangement. The extensor apparatus is a plexus of tendons with an aponeurotic sheet. Extensor tendons are located at the dorsal region of the hand and fingers. The function of these tendons is to extend the wrist and the fingers.<ref>Brotzman S.B., Manske R.C. Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: An Evidence-Based Approach, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011</ref><br> | |||
=== Etiology === | |||
In Mallet fingert the distal extensor tendon is ruptured. The rupture occurs when the distal phalanx of a finger is forced into flexion while being actively extended eg hit by ball being caught. | |||
The extrinsic extensor tendon originates in the forearm and runs over the metacarpophalangeal joint, having an indirect attachment to the proximal phalanx, and finally, attaches to the distal phalanx. These tendons are responsible for extension of the digits. | |||
< | A mallet finger injury occurs when the extensor tendon is disrupted. A mallet fracture occurs when the tendon injury causes an avulsion fracture of the distal phalanx.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
= | === Epidemiology === | ||
Mallet finger injuries usually occur <ref name=":0" /> | |||
* In the workplace or during sports-related activities. | |||
* Frequently seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. | |||
* There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. | |||
* Most often involve; long finger; ring finger or the little finger of the dominant hand. | |||
=== Clinical Presentation === | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
= Differential Diagnosis = | === Differential Diagnosis === | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
= Diagnostic Procedures = | === Diagnostic Procedures === | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
= Physical Therapy Treatment = | === Physical Therapy Treatment === | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
= References = | === References === | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[[Category:Sports Medicine]] | [[Category:Sports Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Sports Injuries]] | [[Category:Sports Injuries]] | ||
Revision as of 07:47, 7 December 2019
This article is currently under review and may not be up to date. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (7/12/2019)
Description[edit | edit source]
Mallet finger is the term usually applied to extensor avulsion fractures. It may also be caused by distal extensor tendon ruptures. Either one results in an inability to extend the DIP joint. Mallet finger injuries are named for the resulting flexion deformity of the fingertip, which resembles a mallet or hammer. Mallet finger injuries are caused by the disruption of the extensor mechanism of the phalanx at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint usually due to a forced flexion at the distal interphalangeal joint. This injury results in the inability to extend the distal phalanx. A mallet fracture occurs when the extensor tendon also causes an avulsion of the distal phalanx[1]
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The extensor tendons straighten the fingers and thumb through a very complex arrangement. The extensor apparatus is a plexus of tendons with an aponeurotic sheet. Extensor tendons are located at the dorsal region of the hand and fingers. The function of these tendons is to extend the wrist and the fingers.[2]
Etiology[edit | edit source]
In Mallet fingert the distal extensor tendon is ruptured. The rupture occurs when the distal phalanx of a finger is forced into flexion while being actively extended eg hit by ball being caught.
The extrinsic extensor tendon originates in the forearm and runs over the metacarpophalangeal joint, having an indirect attachment to the proximal phalanx, and finally, attaches to the distal phalanx. These tendons are responsible for extension of the digits.
A mallet finger injury occurs when the extensor tendon is disrupted. A mallet fracture occurs when the tendon injury causes an avulsion fracture of the distal phalanx.[1]
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Mallet finger injuries usually occur [1]
- In the workplace or during sports-related activities.
- Frequently seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well.
- There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption.
- Most often involve; long finger; ring finger or the little finger of the dominant hand.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
Physical Therapy Treatment[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Yee J, Waseem M. Mallet Finger Injuries. InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 May 5. StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/ (last accessed 7.12.2019)
- ↑ Brotzman S.B., Manske R.C. Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: An Evidence-Based Approach, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011
