Meningitis
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Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Meningitis is an infectious disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation of the meningeal membranes. All three meningies may become involved, dura matter, arachnoid, and pia matter.[1][2] The pia matter and arachnoid layers become inflamed and opaque. The first two layers of the cortex and the spinal cord become inflamed as well.[1] As a result of the inflammation many complications may occur. There is an increased risk of infarctions and cortical veins may develop thrombosis. In addition, blockage of the flow of CSF may occur secondary to scar tissue. This blockage is most common at the base of the brain. CSF blockage may result in subarachnoid cysts or hydrocephaly resulting in a headache, considered a cardinal sign.[1] The disease may present as acute (over a period of hours or days), subacute (more than two weeks), or chronic (more than one month).[2]
Aseptic and Bacterial meningitis are the most common forms of acute meningitis. Aseptic meningitis is usually a result of fungi, viruses, parasites, bacteria, or in some cases a noninfectious inflammation. This form of meningitis is usually self-limited. Bacterial meningitis is a much more serious illness and if goes untreated is fatal. Progression is very rapid and is distinguished by purulent CSF.[2]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
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Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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