Rectus Femoris: Difference between revisions
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
[[File:Rectus femoris.png|thumb]] | |||
Rectus femoris is a bulk of [[muscle]] located in the superior, anterior middle compartment of the thigh and is the only muscle in the quadriceps group that crosses the hip<ref name=":0">Drake, RL, Vogl, W, Mitchell, AW, Gray, H. Gray's anatomy for Students 2nd ed. Philadelphia : Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2010</ref>. | Rectus femoris is a bulk of [[muscle]] located in the superior, anterior middle compartment of the thigh and is the only muscle in the quadriceps group that crosses the hip<ref name=":0">Drake, RL, Vogl, W, Mitchell, AW, Gray, H. Gray's anatomy for Students 2nd ed. Philadelphia : Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2010</ref>. | ||
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== Anatomy == | == Anatomy == | ||
=== '''Origin''' === | === '''Origin''' === | ||
Rectus Femoris originates from anterior inferior iliac spine(AIIS) and the part of alar of ilium superior to the acetabulum<ref name=":0" /> | Rectus Femoris originates from anterior inferior iliac spine(AIIS) and the part of alar of ilium superior to the acetabulum<ref name=":0" /> | ||
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=== Actions === | === Actions === | ||
==== Hip flexion ==== | |||
* Rectus Femoris acts with [[Iliopsoas Bursitis|iliopsoas]] to produce [[Hip|hip flexion]] especially if the knee is flexed<ref name=":1" />. | * Rectus Femoris acts with [[Iliopsoas Bursitis|iliopsoas]] to produce [[Hip|hip flexion]] especially if the knee is flexed<ref name=":1" />. | ||
* During [[Gait Cycle|gait]], as a hip flexor, it acts with the [[Psoas Major|iliopsoas]] in "Toe off" phase,. | * During [[Gait Cycle|gait]], as a hip flexor, it acts with the [[Psoas Major|iliopsoas]] in "Toe off" phase,. | ||
==== Knee extension ==== | |||
* Together with other muscles that are part of the Quadriceps femoris, it facilitates knee extension. | * Together with other muscles that are part of the Quadriceps femoris, it facilitates knee extension. | ||
* In terminal swing phase rectus femoris acts as an extensor of the knee, as a muscle in the quadriceps group, it generate force needed for loading(foot flat phase) in stance phase<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_femoris_muscle</ref>. | * In terminal swing phase rectus femoris acts as an extensor of the knee, as a muscle in the quadriceps group, it generate force needed for loading(foot flat phase) in stance phase<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_femoris_muscle</ref>. | ||
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== Assessment == | == Assessment == | ||
=== '''Strength'''<ref>Hislop, HJ, Montgomery,J. Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. 8<sup>th</sup> ed. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier, 2007; p201-204</ref> === | |||
To assess [[Muscle Strength|muscle strength]] for the Rectus Femoris (including rest of the quadriceps group) position the patient in sitting with the hip and knee flexed to 90° for grade 5, 4 and 3 while grade 2, is assessed in side-lying with test limb uppermost and knee flexed to 90° position. | |||
==== '''Other Tests'''<ref>Reider, B. The orthopaedic physical exam/Bruce Reider.-2nd ed. Elsevier Saunders, USA; 2005</ref> ==== | |||
==== '''Other | |||
In Rectus femoris [[Quadriceps Muscle Strain|injury]] : | In Rectus femoris [[Quadriceps Muscle Strain|injury]] : | ||
* [[FABER Test|FABER]] (Patrick's test) | * [[FABER Test|FABER]] (Patrick's test) - illicit no pain | ||
* Pain is felt in resisted hip flexion<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22864009</ref> | * Pain is felt in resisted hip flexion<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22864009</ref> | ||
* [[Ely's test|Ely’ test]] illicit pain on [[Quadricpes Muscle Contusion|tightness]] | * [[Ely's test|Ely’ test]] - illicit pain on [[Quadricpes Muscle Contusion|tightness]] | ||
* Knee ROM is reduced below 80° in shortness of Rectus femoris or prominence of [[Knee|patella grove]] is noted. | * Knee ROM is reduced below 80° in shortness of Rectus femoris or prominence of [[Knee|patella grove]] is noted.<ref>Huri G, Dubin JM, Ozgonen K, Kaya D, Doral MN. [https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29252783 A Unique Rectus Femoris Injury in an Adolescent Professional Soccer Player: A Case Report.] JBJS case connector. 2014 Oct 1;4(4):e115.</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 22:24, 15 October 2018
Description[edit | edit source]
Rectus femoris is a bulk of muscle located in the superior, anterior middle compartment of the thigh and is the only muscle in the quadriceps group that crosses the hip[1].
It is superior and overlying of the vastus intermedius muscle and superior-medial part of Vastus lateralis and Vastus medialis.
The word rectus is a latin word connoting “straight”. Thus the rectus femoris received its name because it runs straight down the thigh[2].
It is a two way acting muscle as it crosses over the hip and knee joint; therefore, it contributes to 90° of knee flexion and assists iliopsoas in hip flexion[3][1].
A short rectus femoris may contribute to a higher positioned patella in relation to the contralateral side. A markedly shortened rectus femoris is suggested by knee flexion of less than 80°or by marked prominence of superior patellar groove[4]
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
Origin[edit | edit source]
Rectus Femoris originates from anterior inferior iliac spine(AIIS) and the part of alar of ilium superior to the acetabulum[1]
Insertion[edit | edit source]
Rectus Femoris together with vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius joins the quadriceps tendon to insert at the patella and tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)[4].
Nerve supply[edit | edit source]
Rectus Femoris is innervated by the femoral nerve, originating from lumbar nerve 2, 3, and 4 nerve roots
Bloody supply[edit | edit source]
Blood is supplied to the Rectus Femoris via descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral (LCF) artery.
Function[edit | edit source]
Actions[edit | edit source]
Hip flexion[edit | edit source]
- Rectus Femoris acts with iliopsoas to produce hip flexion especially if the knee is flexed[2].
- During gait, as a hip flexor, it acts with the iliopsoas in "Toe off" phase,.
Knee extension[edit | edit source]
- Together with other muscles that are part of the Quadriceps femoris, it facilitates knee extension.
- In terminal swing phase rectus femoris acts as an extensor of the knee, as a muscle in the quadriceps group, it generate force needed for loading(foot flat phase) in stance phase[5].
- Rectus femoris is more efficient in movement combining hip hyper-extension and knee flexion or from a position of knee extension and hip flexion. For example kicking a soccer ball[2][3]
Assessment[edit | edit source]
Strength[6][edit | edit source]
To assess muscle strength for the Rectus Femoris (including rest of the quadriceps group) position the patient in sitting with the hip and knee flexed to 90° for grade 5, 4 and 3 while grade 2, is assessed in side-lying with test limb uppermost and knee flexed to 90° position.
Other Tests[7][edit | edit source]
In Rectus femoris injury :
- FABER (Patrick's test) - illicit no pain
- Pain is felt in resisted hip flexion[8]
- Ely’ test - illicit pain on tightness
- Knee ROM is reduced below 80° in shortness of Rectus femoris or prominence of patella grove is noted.[9]
[10]
References[edit | edit source]
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