Screening in Sport
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
In the endeavours to optimize effects of sports participation and training, unfortunate side-effects should be minimized. Indeed, the devastating impact of cardiac arrest (CA) or sudden death (SD) in athletes has shocked societies and sports spectators all over the world. Preventive measures, specifically pre-participation screening have been advocated by the European Society of Cardioloy (ESC) and have subsequently been implemented in some sporting communities. The EACPR Sports Cardiology section answers below our key questions on pre-participation screening.[1]
Aim of Screening[edit | edit source]
The primary aim of the PPE as performed in other countries would appear to be the detection of cardiovascular abnormalities to prevent sudden death among young athletes. The Australian medical screening program has a broader perspective and is aimed at improving the health of the athlete. The medical screening of these high performance athletes has a number of aims:Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
(1) Prevent sudden death
(2) Ensure optimal medical health (asthma, diabetes, menstrual,
depression)
(3) Ensure optimal musculoskeletal health
(4) Optimize performance (nutrition, psychology, biomechanics)
(5) Prevent injury
(6) Review medications and vaccinationsCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
(7) Collect baseline data (blood tests, neuropsychological
testing in contact sports)
(8) Develop professional relationship with athlete
(9) Educate
Screening Protocol[edit | edit source]
Medical Screening[edit | edit source]
With the help of sports medical screening examinations, early recognition of risks and diseases is possible. It is perfectly clear that this can contribute towards a considerable reduction in health risk, particularly of sudden cardiac death.The German Society for Sports Medicine and Prevention (DGSP) has issued a new S1 guideline "Guideline for Sports Medical Screening Examination", which, for the first time, specifies evidence-based recommendations and quality standards for sports medical screening examinations outside professional sport or elite teams. The aim is to detect latent or present disease which might be a risk to the sportsman or sportswoman. These checkups are intended for beginners and returnees in all age groups and for ambitious hobby or high performance sportsmen and women. The checkup includes questions on the personal medical history, the family history, sporting activities and internal and orthopedic investigations.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
a good estimate of the acceptance and use of sports medical screening investigations can be obtained with the current PACE study (PACE: Performance, Age, Competition, Exercise), which has already analyzed the marathon and half-marathon performances of more than 300 000 sportsmen aged between 20 and 80 (18). As part of this project, a scaled online questionnaire has been developed and translated into six languages. This puts questions about performance, training planning, habits and sports medical screening examinations. The present study has evaluated information from about 10 000 long distance runners about the use and performance of sports medical screening examinations.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
Musculoskeletal Screening[edit | edit source]
Time constraints do not allow a full comprehensive assessment of all joints and muscles. Therefore, the aim of musculoskeletal screening is to assess recovery from any previous injury and to assess the presence of proven (very few) or suspected risk factors for future injury. Athletes involved in sports associated with high risk of specific joint or muscle injuries, such as, swimmers’ shoulders and pitchers’ elbows, should
have specific assessments performed on these areas.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
A full injury history should be taken, and any deficits remaining postinjury should be fully assessed with a view to designing a rehabilitation program to restore full function. Frequently, athletes will have resumed full athletic participation following a significant injury and yet still have considerable limitations in strength, range of movement, proprioception,and so forth.The questionnaire asks the athlete to describe the nature
and date of any previous injury and to list any residual problems.Athletes are asked to describe the nature, date, and symptoms of any current injury.[2]
Performance Screening[edit | edit source]
Clinical Implications[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ http://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Communities/European-Association-for-Cardiovascular-Prevention-&-Rehabilitation-(EACPR)/News/How-to-conduct-pre-participation-screening-in-athletes
- ↑ Screening of Athletes Australian Experience Peter Brukner, MBBS, FACSP,* Susan White, MBBS, FACSP,† Anik Shawdon, MBBS, FACSP,‡ and Karen Holzer, MBBS, FACSP§
