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[[File:Septic arthritis of left hip joint with melioidosis.jpg|right|frameless]] ...mmation, cytokines and proteases are released, thus resulting in potential joint destruction. <ref name="p3">Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. Differential diagnosis

...ock knee''' is a lower leg deformity that exists when the bone at the knee joint is angled out and away from the body's mid-line. This deformity is defined * The patello-femoral joint can be affected with lateral subluxation of the patella and trochlear blunt

* Device related infections (device related infections affecting 2% of joint replacements, 4% for heart valves, 10% for ventricular shunts, 40% for vent ...rding to the severity of infection, and if symptoms persist, then surgical replacement must take place. 

...ing total knee arthroplasty in patients under 55 years of age]. The bone & joint journal. 2016 Dec;98(12):1625-34.</ref> ...e [[tibia]] and the [[femur]] as a shock absorber.<ref name=":4">Medscape. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/art

...w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143014/ Biomechanical measures of knee joint mobilization.] J Man Manip Ther 2011; 19(3):162-171.</ref> When mobilising, ...ns are of small amplitude and of slow oscillations at the beginning of the joint range of motion. These mobilizations are done with light pressure.

[[File:Ligaments of the hip joint anterior aspect Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]] The hip joint is a ball and socket [[Joint Classification|joint]] that is the point of articulation between the head of the [[femur]] and t

...f Motion|range of motion]], crepitus with movement, joint effusion, and/or joint space deformity, and seek medical attention. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Joint forces ====

Total hip replacement (THR), or Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), is a procedure that removes damaged bone and cartil ...of the mini-incision and MIS literature.] Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases 2007;65(1):5-18.</ref>

...ects the [[pelvis]] to the lower extremities. The primary roles of the hip joint are to allow [[Weight bearing|weight-bearing]] through the lower extremitie ...of the combined work of the '''static''' and '''dynamic''' elements of the joint paired with '''proper body alignment'''.

...urnal of Athletic Training, 37''(1),71-79.</ref> (Clinically measured as a joint matching task). ...07;29:467–482.</ref> Sense of movement refers to the ability to appreciate joint movement, including the duration, direction, amplitude, speed, acceleration

...joint and allows for [[Proprioception|proprioceptive]] feedback about the joint. ...the vastus medialis contains numerous proprioceptive fibres from the knee joint, accounting for the thickness of the nerve.<ref name=":1">Chaurasia, B., 20

* The pain is most sensible at the joint line associated with hyperaesthesia or hypoaesthesia on the medial side of ...lex Sympathetic dystrophy, Fibromyalgia, Lumbar Disc Disease, Degenerative joint disease of the knee, Meniscal tear, Surgery (see below)

Ankle arthroplasty is when the ankle joint (Talocrural Joint) is replaced with prosthetic components comprised of polyethylene and metal #Replicate ROM of the talocrural joint

...9 Movement-pattern training to improve function in people with chronic hip joint pain: a feasibility randomized clinical tria]l. journal of orthopaedic & sp * Can continue status post-[[Total Hip Replacement|total joint arthroplasty]]

...de active and passive [[Mobilization Grades|mobilization]] of the affected joint.<ref name="p1">Kwan MK, Treatment for flexion contracture of the knee durin 1) Contracture associated with joint destruction and [[Ankylosing Spondylitis (Axial Spondyloarthritis)|ankylosi

...enders it prone to dislocation and other injuries.<ref>Radiopedia Shoulder Joint Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/shoulder (accessed 14.4.2022)</r ...al shaft 6. humeral head 7. glenoid fossa 8. acromion 9. acromioclavicular joint 10. coracoid process 11. clavicle 12. superior angle of scapula 13. medial

...normality in the gait cycle that can affect the trunk, hip, knee, or ankle joint. Gait deviations can stem from increased age and/or certain pathologies. Th ...ll. They can cause varying compensations at the trunk, hip, knee, or ankle joint, and can be musculoskeletal or neurological in nature.<ref name=":3" />

...oucke J, Khanduja V, Pattyn C, Audenaert E. The history of biomechanics in total hip arthroplasty. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 2017 Aug;51(4):359-67.</r ...ttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/aorth/2019/5804642/ A dynamic model of hip joint biomechanics: The contribution of soft tissues]. Advances in Orthopedics. 2

...aid in diseases of the knee. A preliminary report. The Journal of bone and joint surgery]. British volume. 1987 Mar;69(2):288-93.</ref> ...a%3Dihub Knee crepitus is not associated with the occurrence of total knee replacement in knee osteoarthritis–a longitudinal study with data from the Osteoarthr

...ivity and functional disability, and may progress to the point where joint replacement is needed. Hip osteoarthritis is a major global public-health burden. <ref ...ioning and obtaining endurance of the surrounding muscles that support the joint.