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...ertebrae|lumbar vertebral]] spine and inserted into the bones of the upper thoracic vertebral spine. ...nalis is innervated by the lateral branches of the posterior rami of the [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].

The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity. ...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders

...olumn inferior to the 6th cervical (C6) vertebra and superior to the first thoracic (T1) <ref name=":0" />. ...al and thoracic regions, the C7 has some features of both the cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

* Connect two or more [[Bone|bones]] together and help stabilize joints (cf [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/> == Thoracic Ligaments ==

...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac * The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />

The thorax is formed by the thoracic vertebrae ,the ribs and the sternum. ...various bones and muscle. Bones involved are sternum, 12 pairs of Ribs, 12 Thoracic vertebrae.

...thoracic wall muscles]], muscles of the upper limb, abdomen, and back. The thoracic spine lies between the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the The bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing an

...the sternum and their relationship to chest wall structure and function]. Thoracic surgery clinics. 2007 Nov 1;17(4):473-89.</ref> ...om internal thoracic (mammary) artery; deep to the sternum is the internal thoracic artery laterally

This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />

...massagematters.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/chest-wall.pdf Anatomy of the thoracic wall, axilla and breast]. Int. J. Morphol. 2006;24(4):691-704.</ref> ...axillary artery include the '''superior thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex''' and '''posterior humeral circu

...skull- canine]]The Roof of the cranium is made up of frontal and parietal bones. ...s between the mandibular condyles and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bones

...n is marked by the breakdown of one or more of the disks that separate the bones of the spine, which provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pre ...osis can affect any of the three main spinal segments—cervical (the neck), thoracic (the middle/upper back), and lumbar (the lower back)—but it most frequent

...ntroduces the anatomy of the canine front limb, also known as forelimb and thoracic limb. == Bones of the Canine Front Limb ==

...ustus A. White. "A biomechanical study of the ligamentous stability of the thoracic spine in man." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 52.3 (1981): 315-326. </ref ...ation of the cephalad vertebra on the caudal one).<br>Lateral listheses in thoracic spines are rare, possibly due to restraints provided by the rib cage and th

...ent. Available from https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/cervical-rib-thoracic-outlet-syndrome [last accessed 05/11/2020]]</ref> because of pressure on th * [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]] due to compression of the lower trunk of the brachial p

.../www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/ageing-muscles-bones-and-joints (last accessed 26.5.2019)</ref> ...to decline after about age 25. These declines can cause ligaments tendons bones and cartilage to become less flexible and more brittle over time.<ref>Schif

...of Medicine;</ref>. They also have delayed closure of the gaps between the bones of the skull, which results in a large and prominent forehead<ref name=":0" ...dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of bones and teeth. It is estimated to have a prevalence of approximately 1 in 1,000

...apula]. 2021 Available from: <nowiki>https://www.theskeletalsystem.net/arm-bones/scapula.html</nowiki>. (accessed August 16 2023).</ref>. ...rotate, while the clavicle must elevate, retract and posteriorly roll. The thoracic spine must extend. The muscle synergists for upward rotation are the upper

...ally shortened metatarsal length. It can affect any of the five metatarsal bones of the foot and it could be bilateral. Brachymetatarsia of the first metata ...highlighted in green) - inferior view|right|frameless|500x500px|Metatarsal bones of the foot (highlighted in green) - inferior view]]

...c pathologies. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the thoracic vertebrae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligam [[Ligament]]: fibrous connective tissue that holds the bones together.

The vertebral column contains 54 bones: * 18-19 thoracic vertebrae

'''The SC joint is formed by the articulation of three bones'''<ref name=":3" />''':''' Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7&nbsp;

...pg|thumb|Figure 1. Thoracic kyphosis. ]][[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Increased thoracic kyphosis]] (see Figure 1) * Increased thoracic kyphosis

The cervical spine is much more mobile than the thoracic or lumbar regions of the spine. Unlike the other parts of the spine, the ce **The anterior portion is the homologue of the rib in the thoracic region, and is therefore named the costal process or costal element. It ari

=== Bones === *** 1st & 2nd bones fused (medially)

* Inadequate extension in the thoracic, increasing the demands of extension on the cervical spine. ...the neck ache may start to involve associated tendons, ligaments, muscles, bones and even nerves. These can cause more severe symptoms. eg restricted ROM, c

...discs act like shock absorbers throughout the spinal column to cushion the bones as the body moves. [[Ligament|Ligaments]] hold the vertebrae in place, and [[Ligament]]: fibrous connective tissue that holds the bones together.

...er adults and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." /> * Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and in

...ition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones. # '''Thoracic facet arthrosis'''; where facet joints of upper back (T1-T12) are damaged.

The suprascapular, thoracoacromial, and internal thoracic (mammalian) arteries are the ones that have been found to provide arterial The internal thoracic artery and suprascapular artery branches of the subclavian artery supply bl

The forelimb (also known as the thoracic limb) in the horse is adapted for extension and ground covering. This limb Carpal bones:<ref name=":1" />

...anatomy#Spinal Cord: External|vertebral column]] consists of 24 individual bones called vertebrae. The spinal column consists of this vertebral column and t # Thoracic spine: 12 vertebrae of the mid-back (T1-T12)

=== Bones and Joints === ...of spinal column. Therefore, increased thoracic spine curvature leading to thoracic kyphosis commonly seen in elder individuals due to loss of height of spinal

...earing bone, however it is not uncommon to find them in non-weight bearing bones where load fatigue is seen<ref>Karlson K. Rib Stress Fractures in Elite Row ...egion by redistributing the transmitted forces to the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic]] spine.

...anglion located at the bottom of the cervical spine in connection with the thoracic spine and is related to the sympathetic nervous system. Invasion of this ma ...ld be the articular mobilisation of the shoulder complex, the neck and the thoracic spine according to the surgeon. Soft tissue mobilisation around the scar (i

...bones responsible for the posture of the neck are the 7 cervical vertebra bones, having a slight concave alignment, referred to as cervical lordosis. The n ...orm a simple straightening or even become inverted into a kyphosis. As the bones of the neck become deformed, it affects the normal positioning of the neck

...alazhar.edu.ps/xmlui/handle/123456789/384. [accessed 4/3/2023]</ref> These bones are linked together by facet joints which are small joints between vertebra [[File:Nerves, bones and muscles of the neck .png|thumb|Nerves, muscles and bones of the neck.|alt=|800x800px|center]]

[[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]] The [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic Spine]] has a complex and often overlooked role within the body. It is a ke

...ated changes, which include: chronic degeneration, excessive growth of the bones such as osteophytes, destruction of the cartilage, and [[Disc Herniaton|bul *Thickening of ligaments that connect the bones.

...ation and eye movements. This page discusses these muscles, as well as the bones, ligaments, and nerve and blood supply for the head and jaw. [[Ligament]]: fibrous connective tissue that holds the bones together.

...discs act like shock absorbers throughout the spinal column to cushion the bones as the body moves. Ligaments hold the vertebrae in place, and tendons attac [[Ligament]]: fibrous connective tissue that holds the bones together.

...tes. Movement system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref> [[Weight bea ...y of navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4

'''Bones''' *[[Long Thoracic Nerve|Thoracicus Longus / Long Thoracic Nerve]]

...my of the female pelvis shows five [[Bone|bones]]: two [[Hip Anatomy|hip]] bones, [[sacrum]], coccyx, and two [[femur]]<nowiki/>s. The joints are supported ...oth [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] lordosis and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis,]] or a flattening of the thoracolumbar spinal curve

...T joint allows for the scapula to glide over the contours of the posterior thoracic wall. All four joints work collectively together to achieve normal shoulder ...), the [[humerus]] and the [[sternum]] (the link to the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage).

...droplasia is a rare congenital disease that predominantly affects the long bones of the body resulting in rhizomelic dwarfism. Most cases are from an autoso ...rays of the infant may also be used to diagnose achondroplasia as the long bones show changes from those x-rays of non-affected infants.<ref name=":0">Bauja

[[Ligament]]: fibrous connective tissue that holds the bones together. '''The shoulder complex has four bones: the clavicle, sternum, scapula and proximal end of the humerus.'''<ref>Lev

...acroiliac_joint sacroiliac joint] (SIJ). It is the joint between the iliac bones of the [[pelvis]] and the [[sacrum]] (figure 1), a joint in which very litt * The patient bends forward, starting with flexing the neck, then the upper thoracic spine to the lumbar spine, and as far as possible while keeping the knees e

...racic Vertebrae|thoracic spine]] [[Fracture|fractures]] occur in the lower thoracic spine, with 60% to 70% of thoraco-lumbar fractures occurring in the T11 to ...res]. Injury. 2009 Feb 1;40(2):166-72.</ref> Minor trauma can also cause a thoracic spine fracture in individuals who have a condition associated with loss of

...elbow joint is where the distal humerus meets the proximal radius and ulna bones. It is known as a trochleogingylomoid joint as it can flex and extend as a === Shoulder, Cervical Spine and Thoracic Spine ===