Vaginismus: Difference between revisions
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== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
Vaginismus is a penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is painful or impossible. It has traditionally been referred to as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles due to actual or anticipated pain associated with vaginal penetration. It causes women to feel pain, fear and anxiety with penetration attempts.<ref name=":0">Laskowska A, Gronowski P. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743609522011304 Vaginismus: An overview.] The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2022 May 1;19(5):S228-9.</ref>It is often associated with psychological problems, leading to poor sexual quality of life (SQOL).<ref name=":1">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19317611.2021.1954576 Psychological predictors of sexual quality of life among women with vaginismus, Velayati A, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A. Psychological predictors of sexual quality of life among Iranian women with vaginismus: A cross-sectional study.] International Journal of Sexual Health. 2022 Jan 2;34(1):81-9.</ref> | Vaginismus is a penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is painful or impossible. It has traditionally been referred to as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles due to actual or anticipated pain associated with vaginal penetration. It causes women to feel pain, fear and anxiety with penetration attempts.<ref name=":0">Laskowska A, Gronowski P. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743609522011304 Vaginismus: An overview.] The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2022 May 1;19(5):S228-9.</ref>It is often associated with psychological problems, leading to poor sexual quality of life (SQOL).<ref name=":1">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19317611.2021.1954576 Psychological predictors of sexual quality of life among women with vaginismus, Velayati A, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A. Psychological predictors of sexual quality of life among Iranian women with vaginismus: A cross-sectional study.] International Journal of Sexual Health. 2022 Jan 2;34(1):81-9.</ref> | ||
==== The debate around its definition ==== | |||
<ref name=":2">Maseroli E, Scavello I, Rastrelli G, Limoncin E, Cipriani S, Corona G, Fambrini M, Magini A, Jannini EA, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743609518312207 Outcome of medical and psychosexual interventions for vaginismus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.] The journal of sexual medicine. 2018 Dec 1;15(12):1752-64.</ref> | |||
== Prevalence and Incidence == | == Prevalence and Incidence == | ||
It affects about 1-7% of the female population worldwide.<ref name=":0" /> | It affects about 1-7% of the female population worldwide.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Etiology == | |||
The etiological factors are | |||
* ORGANIC PATHOLOGIES- 1.congenital abnormalities 2. local infections 3. trauma associated with childbirth 4. genital surgery or radiotherapy 5.vaginal lesions and tumors <ref>Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.2217/WHE.10.46 Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment.] Women’s Health. 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19.</ref><ref name=":2" /> | |||
* PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS-1.sexual abuse 2.a negative attitude toward sexuality 3. relationship difficulties | |||
== Quality of life == | == Quality of life == | ||
Revision as of 10:51, 12 June 2022
Original Editor - Muskan Rastogi Top Contributors - Muskan Rastogi, Laura Ritchie, Kim Jackson and Lucinda hampton
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Definition[edit | edit source]
Vaginismus is a penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is painful or impossible. It has traditionally been referred to as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles due to actual or anticipated pain associated with vaginal penetration. It causes women to feel pain, fear and anxiety with penetration attempts.[1]It is often associated with psychological problems, leading to poor sexual quality of life (SQOL).[2]
The debate around its definition[edit | edit source]
Prevalence and Incidence[edit | edit source]
It affects about 1-7% of the female population worldwide.[1]
Etiology[edit | edit source]
The etiological factors are
- ORGANIC PATHOLOGIES- 1.congenital abnormalities 2. local infections 3. trauma associated with childbirth 4. genital surgery or radiotherapy 5.vaginal lesions and tumors [4][3]
- PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS-1.sexual abuse 2.a negative attitude toward sexuality 3. relationship difficulties
Quality of life[edit | edit source]
This condition influences the quality of life, in the most serious form it can result in an unconsummated marriage, sterility and thus further results to couple leading a separate life . [1]It is correlated with poor sexual quality of life[2] and even the male partners may have important effects on the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of vaginismus ( in lifelong vaginismus -LLV).[5]
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
These symptoms are defined accordingly given by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM, the American Psychiatric Association), fifth edition(DSM-5)[6]-
(1) Difficulty having intercourse
(2) Genito-pelvic pain
(3) Fear of pain or vaginal penetration
(4) Tension of the pelvic floor muscles.
Classification[edit | edit source]
Management[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Laskowska A, Gronowski P. Vaginismus: An overview. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2022 May 1;19(5):S228-9.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Psychological predictors of sexual quality of life among women with vaginismus, Velayati A, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A. Psychological predictors of sexual quality of life among Iranian women with vaginismus: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Sexual Health. 2022 Jan 2;34(1):81-9.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Maseroli E, Scavello I, Rastrelli G, Limoncin E, Cipriani S, Corona G, Fambrini M, Magini A, Jannini EA, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Outcome of medical and psychosexual interventions for vaginismus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The journal of sexual medicine. 2018 Dec 1;15(12):1752-64.
- ↑ Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM. Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment. Women’s Health. 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19.
- ↑ Turan Ş, Sağlam NG, Bakay H, Gökler ME. Levels of depression and anxiety, sexual functions, and affective temperaments in women with lifelong vaginismus and their male partners. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2020 Dec 1;17(12):2434-45.
- ↑ American Psychiatric Association DS, American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American psychiatric association; 2013 May.
