Vagus Nerve: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Vagus Nerve is the tenth [[Cranial Nerves|Cranial Nerve]] (CN X). It has the longest course of all the cranial nerves as it extends from the head, the neck, the thorax, and the abdomen. The vagus nerve originates in the medulla oblongata and exits the [[skull]] via the jugular foramen. It bears two ganglia, the superior ganglia, and the inferior ganglia. The superior ganglia lie in the jugular foramen and the inferior ganglia lie near the base of the skull. | The Vagus Nerve is the tenth [[Cranial Nerves|Cranial Nerve]] (CN X). It has the longest course of all the cranial nerves as it extends from the head, the neck, the thorax, and the abdomen. The vagus nerve originates in the medulla oblongata and exits the [[skull]] via the jugular foramen. It bears two ganglia, the superior ganglia, and the inferior ganglia. The superior ganglia lie in the jugular foramen and the inferior ganglia lie near the base of the skull. | ||
The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) joins the vagus nerve just distal to the inferior ganglion.<ref>Berthoud HR, Neuhuber WL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11189015/ Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. Autonomic Neuroscience]. 2000 Dec 20;85(1-3):1-7.</ref> | The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) joins the vagus nerve just distal to the inferior ganglion.<ref>Berthoud HR, Neuhuber WL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11189015/ Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. Autonomic Neuroscience]. 2000 Dec 20;85(1-3):1-7.</ref> | ||
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# '''Main motor nucleus:''' ''nucleus ambiguus'' | # '''Main motor nucleus:''' ''nucleus ambiguus'' | ||
# '''Parasympathetic nucleus:''' ''dorsal nucleus of vagus'' - it is both, a motor nucleus (visceromotor and secretomotor) and a sensory nucleus (viscerosensory) | # '''Parasympathetic nucleus:''' ''dorsal nucleus of vagus'' - it is both, a motor nucleus (visceromotor and secretomotor) and a sensory nucleus (viscerosensory) | ||
# '''Sensory nucleus:''' ''nucleus of tractus solitarius'' (situated in the inferior ganglion on the vagus nerve) and ''nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal'' (afferent information enters the brainstem through the superior ganglion of the vagus nerves but ends here). See table | # '''Sensory nucleus:''' ''nucleus of tractus solitarius'' (situated in the inferior ganglion on the vagus nerve) and ''nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal'' (afferent information enters the brainstem through the superior ganglion of the vagus nerves but ends here). See the table below. | ||
Table 1. Summary of components, function, central component and cell bodies of the Vagus Nerve | Table 1. Summary of components, function, central component and cell bodies of the Vagus Nerve | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|General Visceral Afferent | |General Visceral Afferent | ||
|Sensations from the pharynx, larynx, trachea, | |Sensations from the pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, and the abdominal and thoracic viscera<ref name=":0" /> | ||
|Nucleus tractus solitarius | |Nucleus tractus solitarius | ||
|Inferior ganglion | |Inferior ganglion | ||
Revision as of 11:25, 20 September 2020
Original Editor - Kanza Imtiaz
Top Contributors - Kanza Imtiaz, Lucinda hampton and Tony Lowe
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The Vagus Nerve is the tenth Cranial Nerve (CN X). It has the longest course of all the cranial nerves as it extends from the head, the neck, the thorax, and the abdomen. The vagus nerve originates in the medulla oblongata and exits the skull via the jugular foramen. It bears two ganglia, the superior ganglia, and the inferior ganglia. The superior ganglia lie in the jugular foramen and the inferior ganglia lie near the base of the skull.
The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) joins the vagus nerve just distal to the inferior ganglion.[1]
Structure and Function[edit | edit source]
The vagus nerve contains somatic and visceral afferent fibers, as well as general and special visceral efferent fibers.[2]
It has three major nuclei:
- Main motor nucleus: nucleus ambiguus
- Parasympathetic nucleus: dorsal nucleus of vagus - it is both, a motor nucleus (visceromotor and secretomotor) and a sensory nucleus (viscerosensory)
- Sensory nucleus: nucleus of tractus solitarius (situated in the inferior ganglion on the vagus nerve) and nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal (afferent information enters the brainstem through the superior ganglion of the vagus nerves but ends here). See the table below.
Table 1. Summary of components, function, central component and cell bodies of the Vagus Nerve
| Components | Function | Central component | Cell bodies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Special Visceral Efferent | Swallowing and phonation[2] | Nucleus ambiguus | Nucleus ambiguus |
| General Visceral Efferent | Involuntary muscle control (cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal)
Innervation to glands throughout the gastrointestinal tract[2] |
Dorsal motor nucleus | Dorsal motor nucleus |
| Special Visceral Afferent | Sensations of taste from the tongue and epiglottis [2] | Nucleus tractus solitarius | Inferior ganglion |
| General Visceral Afferent | Sensations from the pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, and the abdominal and thoracic viscera[2] | Nucleus tractus solitarius | Inferior ganglion |
| General Somatic Afferent | Innervation to the external ear and tympanic membrane[2] | Nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal | Superior ganglion |
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Berthoud HR, Neuhuber WL. Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. Autonomic Neuroscience. 2000 Dec 20;85(1-3):1-7.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Kenny BJ, Bordoni B. Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve 10 (Vagus Nerve). InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 Jan 25. StatPearls Publishing.
