Autism Spectrum Disorder: Difference between revisions
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== Risk Factors == | == Risk Factors == | ||
The following factors have been linked to ASD: | The following factors have been linked to ASD: | ||
* | * Hereditary factors, parental history of psychiatric disorders, pre-term births. | ||
* Prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs or insecticides thalidomide and valproic acid. <ref name=":0" /> | * Parental age ( advance maternal and paternal age) | ||
* Maternal history of autoimmune disease such as [[diabetes]], thyroid disease and psoriasis. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
* Prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs or insecticides like thalidomide and valproic acid. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
* Some of the known genetic disorders such as [[Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome|fragile X]], tuberous sclerosis, [[Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)|Down syndrome]], [[Rett Syndrome|Rett syndrome]] even though they represent a very small amount of overall ASD cases. <ref name=":0" /> | * Some of the known genetic disorders such as [[Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome|fragile X]], tuberous sclerosis, [[Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)|Down syndrome]], [[Rett Syndrome|Rett syndrome]] even though they represent a very small amount of overall ASD cases. <ref name=":0" /> | ||
* | * | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 16:48, 6 December 2021
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by patterns of delay and deviance in the development of social, communicative, and cognitive skills that arise in the first years of life [1]. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, Asperger's Syndrome (AS) and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) [2]. It is characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. ASD can also be defined as a neurobiological disorder predisposed by both genetic and environmental factors affecting the developing brain. [3]
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the international prevalence of ASD at 0.76%; however, this only accounts for approximately 16% of the global child population with an increase over the past two decades.
Causes[edit | edit source]
ASD is a neurobiological disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors affecting the developing brain. Currently, no single universal cause has been identified but researches are still ongoing to deepen our understanding of potential etiologic mechanisms in ASD.
Risk Factors[edit | edit source]
The following factors have been linked to ASD:
- Hereditary factors, parental history of psychiatric disorders, pre-term births.
- Parental age ( advance maternal and paternal age)
- Maternal history of autoimmune disease such as diabetes, thyroid disease and psoriasis. [3]
- Prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs or insecticides like thalidomide and valproic acid. [3]
- Some of the known genetic disorders such as fragile X, tuberous sclerosis, Down syndrome, Rett syndrome even though they represent a very small amount of overall ASD cases. [3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Volkmar, F., Siegel, M., Woodbury-Smith, M., King, B., McCracken, J. and State, M., 2014. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(2), pp.237-257.
- ↑ Sharma SR, Gonda X, Tarazi FI. Autism spectrum disorder: classification, diagnosis and therapy. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2018 Oct 1;190:91-104.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hodges H, Fealko C, Soares N. Autism spectrum disorder: definition, epidemiology, causes, and clinical evaluation. Translational pediatrics. 2020 Feb; 9(Suppl 1): S55.
