Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs: Difference between revisions

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'''Original Editor '''- [[User:User Name|Josh Williams]], [[User:User Name|Ashley Pittser]] [[User:User Name|Lance Ramos]] [[User:User Name|Kayla Woods]] [[User:User Name|Kyle Culver]] [[User:User Name|Jeffrey Jackson]] [[User:User Name|Chelsea Miller]] [[User:User Name|Alan Tran]] [[User:User Name|Madison Kirk]] [[User:User Name|Marilyn Kozlowski]] [[User:User Name|Eugene DeLoach]] [[User:User Name|William Warmka]] [[User:User Name|Maddisen Coleman]] [[User:User Name|Paul Spann]] [[User:User Name|Alyxandria Davis]] [[User:User Name|James Williams]] [[User:User Name|Hailee Wiese]] [[User:User Name|Yen-Oanh Vo]] [[User:User Name|Allee Tatum]] [[User:User Name|Landon Andrews]] [[User:User Name|Kelly Fossard]] [[User:User Name|Emily North]] as part of the [[University of Oklahoma Exercise Science Project]]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}
<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:User Name|Josh Williams]], [[User:User Name|Ashley Pittser]] [[User:User Name|Lance Ramos]] [[User:User Name|Kayla Woods]] [[User:User Name|Kyle Culver]] [[User:User Name|Jeffrey Jackson]] [[User:User Name|Chelsea Miller]] [[User:User Name|Alan Tran]] [[User:User Name|Madison Kirk]] [[User:User Name|Marilyn Kozlowski]] [[User:User Name|Eugene DeLoach]] [[User:User Name|William Warmka]] [[User:User Name|Maddisen Coleman]] [[User:User Name|Paul Spann]] [[User:User Name|Alyxandria Davis]] [[User:User Name|James Williams]] [[User:User Name|Hailee Wiese]] [[User:User Name|Yen-Oanh Vo]] [[User:User Name|Allee Tatum]] [[User:User Name|Landon Andrews]] [[User:User Name|Kelly Fossard]] [[User:User Name|Emily North]] as part of the [[University of Oklahoma Exercise Science Project]]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div>
 
 
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
[[File:Body Builder.jpg|right|frameless|512x512px]]
[[File:Body Builder.jpg|right|frameless|512x512px]]

Latest revision as of 21:24, 19 February 2023

Original Editor - Josh Williams, Ashley Pittser Lance Ramos Kayla Woods Kyle Culver Jeffrey Jackson Chelsea Miller Alan Tran Madison Kirk Marilyn Kozlowski Eugene DeLoach William Warmka Maddisen Coleman Paul Spann Alyxandria Davis James Williams Hailee Wiese Yen-Oanh Vo Allee Tatum Landon Andrews Kelly Fossard Emily North as part of the University of Oklahoma Exercise Science Project
Top Contributors - Chelsea Miller, Emily North, Kim Jackson, Yen-Oanh Vo, Ashley Pittser, Lance Ramos, Josh Williams, Maddisen Coleman, Hailee Wiese, Eugene DeLoach, Lucinda hampton, Jeffrey Jackson, Kayla Woods, William Warmka, Kirenga Bamurange Liliane, Alyxandria Davis, Kelly Fossard, Alan Tran, Madison Kirk, Paul Spann, Kyle Culver, 127.0.0.1, Allee Tatum, Marilyn Kozlowski, Oyemi Sillo, James Williams, Kayla Garrett, Landon Andrews and Rucha Gadgil


Introduction[edit | edit source]

Body Builder.jpg

Numerous ergogenic aids that claim to enhance sports performance are used by amateur and professional athletes. Approximately 50 percent of the general population have reported taking some form of dietary supplements, while 76 to 100 percent of athletes in some sports are reported to use them.

Performance- Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) are pharmacologic agents that athletes and nonathlete weightlifters use to enhance performance [1]

Physicians can evaluate these products by examining four factors (method of action, available research, adverse effects, legality) that will help them counsel patients.

Common ergogenic aids include

  • Anabolic steroids, which increase muscle mass. These illegal supplements are associated with a number of serious adverse effects, some irreversible. They represent one of the oldest classes of drugs of abuse and, accordingly, their effects have been most extensively investigated. When combined with exercise training, AASs increase muscle mass and strength and reduce fat [2] .
  • Creatine modestly improves athletic performance and appears to be relatively safe.
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione do not improve athletic performance but apparently have similar adverse effects as testosterone and are also banned by some sports organizations.
  • Caffeine has mild benefits and side effects and is banned above certain levels. Products that combine caffeine with other stimulants (e.g., ephedrine) have been linked to fatal events.
  • Protein and carbohydrate supplementation provides modest benefits with no major adverse effects[3].

Below there are additional links to pages (see also those above) regarding the influence certain drugs and performance enhancers can have on an individual and the exercise process.[4]

Side effects of PEDs[edit | edit source]

  1. Direct Effects: Hypertension, Dyslidipemia, Myocyte Hypertrophy, Interstitial Fibrosis [2]
  2. Indirect Effects: Extreme cardiac remodelling, Exercise-Induded cardiac injuy, Interstitial fibrosis [2]

Clinical Consequences[edit | edit source]

Additional Reads[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Pope Jr HG, Wood RI, Rogol A, Nyberg F, Bowers L, Bhasin S. Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocrine reviews. 2014 Jun 1;35(3):341-75.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 La Gerche A, Brosnan MJ. Cardiovascular effects of performance-enhancing drugs. Circulation. 2017 Jan 3;135(1):89-99.
  3. ↑ Ahrendt DM. Ergogenic aids: counseling the athlete. American Family Physician. 2001 Mar 1;63(5):913.
  4. ↑ Burke LM, Castell LM, Stear SJ. BJSM reviews: A–Z of supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 1.
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