Hypomagnesemia

 

Welcome to PT 635 Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems This is a wiki created by and for the students in the School of Physical Therapy at Bellarmine University in Louisville KY. Please do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!

Original Editors -Shawn Abraham & Sean Joyce- Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.

Top Contributors - Shawn Abraham, Sean Joyce, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson, Elaine Lonnemann, Selena Horner, 127.0.0.1 and WikiSysop  

Definition/Description[edit | edit source]

Hypomagnesemia is known as an electrolyte imbalance with inadequate levels of magnesium in the bloodstream. Serum magnesium levels are rarely deficient in healthy individuals because magnesium is abundant in foods and water and its excretion through urine is limited by the kidneys.[1] However, certain medical conditions and medications can cause excessive loss of magnesium resulting in deficiency.[2] 

Prevalence[edit | edit source]

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Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]

Gastrointestinal diseases

Type II Diabetes

Alcoholism

Older adults

Hypertension

Cardiovascular Disease

Osteoporosis

Migraine Headaches

[1]

Medications[edit | edit source]

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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]

The average adult holds approximately 25 g magnesium. 50% to 60% is found in the bones and most of the rest is found in soft tissue, the remaining less than 1% of magnesium is found in blood serum. Normal serum magnesium levels fall between 0.75 and 0.95 millimoles. Hypomagnesemia is characterized as serum levels falling between 0.75 millimoles.[1]

Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]

  • Alcoholism
  • Burns that affect a large area of the body
  • Chronic diarrhea
  • Excessive urination (polyuria), such as in uncontrolled diabetes and during recovery from acute kidney failure
  • High blood calcium level (hypercalcemia)
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Malabsorption syndromes, such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease
  • Malnutrition
  • Medicines including amphotericin, cisplatin, cyclosporine, diuretics, proton pump inhibitors, and aminoglycoside antibiotics
  • Sweating

[3]

Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]

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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

  • Fluids given through a vein (IV)
  • Magnesium by mouth or through a vein
  • Medicines to relieve symptoms

[3]

Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]

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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]

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References
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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Office of Dietary Supplements - Magnesium [Internet]. Ods.od.nih.gov. 2016 [cited 5 April 2016]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/
  2. ↑ Goodman C, Snyder T. Differential diagnosis for physical therapists. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier; 2007.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Updated by: Laura J. Martin a. Low magnesium level: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Nlm.nih.gov. 2016 [cited 5 April 2016]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000315.htm


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