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...ic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]]). The ES is made of three subgroups, with the group divisions occurring by location. ...muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

[[Ligament|Ligaments]] are fibrous bands of connective tissue that attach to bone. ...with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury.

Vertebra prominens is the name of the seventh cervical vertebra. ...nous process that protrudes posteriorly toward the [[skin]] at the back of the [[Cervical Anatomy|neck]].

The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity. ...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders

...struction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! ({{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}})</div> ...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it

...ecular with a thin outer layer of compact bone. Similar to the first rib, the 11th and 12th ribs are considered atypical ribs due to their anatomical ...e:First rib.jpg|388x388px|right|frameless]]When compared to a typical rib, the first rib is

...re distinct in shape and function from vertebrae found in other regions of the vertebral column. ...possess articular facets on their sides for articulation with the heads of the ribs.

...skull- canine]]The Roof of the cranium is made up of frontal and parietal bones. The Floor is made up of sphenoid bone.

...ntly under review and may not be up to date. Please come back soon to see the finished work!!</div> This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.

...Karatas|Gülcan Karatas]][[User:Sefora Bakkioui|Sefora Bakkiouias]] part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi [[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]

...bone. It is a congenital overdevelopment of transverse process of cervical spine vertebra<ref>Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB ...ith no connection<ref name=":0" />, fully formed bony rib or a thin strand of tissue fibre. They vary in size and shape.

...png|alt=Overview of the scapula bone - anterior view|300x300px|Overview of the scapula bone - anterior view|thumb]] ...apula]. 2021 Available from: <nowiki>https://www.theskeletalsystem.net/arm-bones/scapula.html</nowiki>. (accessed August 16 2023).</ref>.

...may also have other skeletal abnormalities, such as short stature, curved spine, or malformed pelvis. ...nd features of CCD can vary widely among affected individuals, even within the same family.

...nd [[Movement Dysfunction|movement]], this can result in marked alteration of function.</div> ...altered connective tissue biology and a decrease in effective maintenance of tissue homeostasis<ref name=":1" />.

...Plos one. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0254788.</ref> Those differences emerge from the functions that each breed was originally developed.<ref>Zink C, Schlehr MR. ...ta G, Macrì F. [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/813 Four Unusual Cases of Congenital Forelimb Malformations in Dogs. Animals] 2021, 11, 813.</ref>

'''Original Editor '''- Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page. Surfing is enjoyed by many people around the world. Surfing involves dynamic moves on an unstable surface needing good b

...il 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anatomy:The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005</ref><br> It is made up of 7 vertebrae. The first 2, C1 and C2, are highly specialized and are given unique names: atla

...ition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones. ...ertebrae posteriorly and and help with twisting and turning motions of the spine. <ref name=":0">Brennan D. Facet arthrosis: What is it and what causes it?

...ae in place, and [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/>s attach the muscles to the spinal column. ...cluding the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.

There are a number of common [[Posture|postural]] changes that can affect an individual's functio In older adults, the following postural features are commonly observed:<ref name=":0">Banfi M. I

...cluding the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply. ...ior to superior. The rotation axes of the foot joints are perpendicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these joints results in rotations wit

...n of the SC joint.<ref>ALLMAN JR FL. Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 Jun 1;49(4):774-84.</ref> '''The SC joint is formed by the articulation of three bones'''<ref name=":3" />''':'''

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Robin Tacchetti|Robin Tacchetti]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/daphne-xuan/ Daphn ...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]

...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." /> ...curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs,

...on. It is best used in combination with other specific tests. A synonym is the Vorlauf test. ...s of the Sacroiliac Joint. Physical Therapy. 1985; 65: 1671-1675fckLRLevel of evidence: C</ref>

...rbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Carin Hunter|Carin Hunter]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donn ...hermoplastics are used, which facilitates new designs and more comfort for the user.

..."> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Chelsea Mclene|Chelsea Mclene]] based on the course by '''Equine anatomy''' refers to the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses and other equids (donkeys, and zebras).

...Davis|Shannon Davis]], and [[User:Kristen Tsuei|Kristen Tsuei]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]] '''Top Contribu ...ssing of the nerve roots where they leave the spinal cord or it can damage the spinal cord itself.<ref name="Mayo" />&nbsp;These conditions are referred t

...iology of Complex Patient Problems|Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] ...ancoast tumors. European Surgery: ACA Acta Chirurgica Austriaca [serial on the Internet]. (2010, Oct), [cited April 4, 2012]; 42(5): 214-219. Available fr

...s, diagnose and manage an equine patient. To do this, a good understanding of equine anatomy is essential. Pelvic hind limb bears 40-45% of the weight and provides the majority of propulsion for locomotion.

...ake|Cassidy Lake]] and [[User:Kristen Templin|Kristen Templin]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP P [[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]]

== Definition of Posture == ...urology, anatomical and physiological profiles: overview and current state of art. Acta Biomed. 2017 Apr 28;88(1):11-16. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1.5309. PM

...publication/11070935_Aetiology_of_Rib_Stress_Fractures_in_Rowers Aetiology of rib stress fractures in rowers]. Sports Med 2002; 32 (13): 819-36</ref> ...ess fractures in elite rowers: the promise of ultrasound?. British journal of sports medicine. 2017 Jul 1;51(14):1093-7.</ref>

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Robin Tacchetti|Robin Tacchetti]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Kris ...w. It can adapt to the demands, or lack of demands, that are placed on it. The major load on bone comes from muscle forces. When muscle pull is altered du

...ues.<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Assessment and Management of the Equine Spine Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref> ...s a concern about his / her own riding, especially when there is a history of trauma or pathology (e.g. back surgery / pelvic fracture)

[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|right|frameless]] ...ding of this anatomy is essential for assessment and treatment of cervical spine problems.

...lnick|Jacob Melnick]], &amp; [[User:Tyler Shultz|Tyler Shultz]] as part of the[[Nottingham University Spinal Rehabilitation Project]]<br> [[File:Neck Pain Diagram.png|alt=|thumb|Pain in the neck.]]

...hVoEQ The contribution of early‐life and midlife risk factors.] Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2008 Jun;56(6):1098-105</ref>. ...it is widely agreed that it comprises the freedom from chronic disease and the ability to operate well in old age, both physically and cognitively<ref nam

'''Original Editors ''' - [[User:Demol Yves|Demol Yves]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project]] ...cord and/or the nerve roots and affect the function of the spinal cord or the nerve, which may cause symptoms associated with [[Cervical Radiculopathy|ce

...rs. Neurosurgical focus. 2008 Aug 1;25(2):E19.</ref>, especially where the bones are osteoporotic. However, if there is compromise neurological compromise k ...reatmentOtherTreatment</ref>.This video below shows the difference between the KP and VP.

...improves immunity. Sleeping postures have a positive or negative effect on the body. == Classification of Sleeping Posture ==

...in Locati|Erin Locati]], and [[User:Melissa Osti|Melissa Osti]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]] ...majority of these fractures occur without spinal cord injury. 20 to 40% of the fractures are associated with neurological injuries.

Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. ...iosis is actually a more complex, three-dimensional problem which involves the following planes:

...owledge to the various structures around the elbow as well as distant from the elbow that can contribute to a person's symptoms. ...individualised to the specific problems and contributing factors found in the assessment.

...0–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 2017 Sep 16;390(10100):1211-59.</ref> Pain is not always a bad thing! Pain is the body's way to receive messages that there is a threat or something is wrong

...]] occur in the setting of either severe trauma or pathologic weakening of the bone, see image R L4 compression fracture. * [[Osteoporosis]] is the underlying cause of many lumbar fractures, especially in postmenopausal women.

...rd]] and they control body movements and transmit signals from the body to the [[Brain Anatomy|brain.]] ...gions. The lumbar spine consists of 5 moveable vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, as a group, produce a lordotic curve<ref name=":0">Waxenb

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Daisy Meffan|Daisy Meffan]] as part of the [[Nottingham University Spinal Rehabilitation Project]]<br> ...y collapses. When this occurs in the paediatric population and because the bones are still developing, this may have severe consequences. A vertebral fractu

...iology of Complex Patient Problems|Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems Project]] ...lis, MD. Achondroplasia and cervical laminoplasty Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2009; 11:417-420. http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/2009.4.SPINE09164 (acce

...allows for significant movement, but this is at the expense of stability. The shoulder is, therefore, susceptible to dysfunction and instability. ...cluding the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.