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...rred pain from a visceral structure. Patients will present with lower back pain but the source is not a mechanical structure<ref name="Walcott">Walcott B, == Sources of Visceral Pain ==

...usculoskeletal symptoms may present with:<ref name=":0">Brukner P. Khan K. Clinical Sports Medicine. 3rd edition. Sydney: McGraw-Hill 2006.</ref> ...|Chronic low back pain]] or [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck pain]]<ref name=":0" />

...arvalho, A. Red Alert: How useful are flags for identifying the origins of pain and barriers to rehabilitation? Frontline. 13 (17). 2007</ref>. ...re<ref>Knew WW. [http://www.jospt.org/doi/abs/10.2519/jospt.2017.0507 Neck Pain Guidelines: Revision 2017]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47(7):511-2.</r

...patient-specific functional scale (PSFS) in order to assess and treat back pain efficiently. ...ed in practice<ref name=":2">Koc M, Bayar B, Bayar K. A comparison of Back pain functional scale with Roland Morris disbility questionnaire, Oswestry disab

...o a key symptom in patellofemoral pain. By looking at the patient's entire clinical picture, the correct diagnosis can be made. When tendons act as springs (e.g. the patella tendon during jumping), tendon pain can be related to overload. It is important to understand the different loa

...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in ...of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.

...hat underpins and informs its practice and delivery.&nbsp; The exercise of clinical judgement and informed interpretation is at its core<ref>Chartered Society ...listic approach to the prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic management of pain, disorders of movement or optimisation of function to enhance the health an

...artment physiotherapist would typically be assigned the following types of presentations from triage: === * Provide pain relief such as ice or heat for injury and compression bandaging

...tests were first described by Elvey<ref>Elvey RL: The investigation of arm pain. In Boyling JD, Palastanga N (eds): Grieve’s modern manual therapy: the v ...function and shoulder problems. Physiotherapy, 1982; 68: 66-73.</ref>. If pain is provoked in the very initial position, then there is no need to add furt

== Clinical Presentation == Presentations of nerve damage may include:

...n 1;17:203-7.</ref> Tennis Elbow is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain<ref name=":4">Keijsers R, de Vos RJ, Kuijer PPF, van den Bekerom MP, van de ...% of presentations are self-limiting, not all experience full recovery and pain and discomfort can persist for up to a year. Recurrence is also common in T

* Reticular and intralaminar nuclei dealing with arousal and pain regulation. The reticular formation is constantly making intelligent guesse ...issues such as tingling, numbness, hypersensitivity, and [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]

Several cases are reported on the various presentations f the condition as it occurs in children in the case of 2 children having P ...ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29812979/ Behr G, Mema E, Costa K, Garg A. Proportion and Clinical Relevance of Intraspinal Air in Patients With Pneumomediastinum. AJR Am J R

...Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case–control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1 Most commonly neck pain arises from poor posture on the bike or a poor bike fit. This includes[[Fil

...ure that would be easy to use and applicable to a large number of clinical presentations.<ref>Stratford P, Gill C, Westaway M, Binkley J. [https://utpjournals.pres ...ome_measures_in_chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>

...o F. Intraosseous hyperpressure of the patella as a cause of anterior knee pain. Medscape Orth Sports Med. 1999;3:1–8.</ref> *[[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|Patellofemoral pain syndrome]]

...Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises.] Pain, 161(9), 1976-1982.</ref> </blockquote> ...ted the new definition for pain, stated above, in 2020. The description of pain continues with the following notes:

...rombosis, urinary tract infections, osteoporosis, pressure ulcers, chronic pain, and respiratory complications. Acute care, rehabilitation services and ong ...matic brain injury is a large topic area, and can be studied as an area of clinical specialism within physiotherapy, therefore this course is by no means exhau

...https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16641766/ The McKenzie Method for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of the Literature With a Meta-Analysis Approach]. Spin ...ificial intelligence to improve back pain outcomes and lessons learnt from clinical classification approaches: three systematic reviews.] NPJ Digit Med 2020;3:

...reer. A systematic review and various studies report the incidence of knee pain ranging from 36% to 62%<ref name=":2">Bini R, Hume PA, Croft JL. [https://w ...pull on the knee joint changing the way the knee functions and cause knee pain. Due to the repetitive motion of the knee in cycling overuse injuries can o

...from:https://www.notredame.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/3046/What-is-pain-part-II-philosophy-behaviours-ANZCA-Blue-Book.pdf (last accessed 20.5.2020) ...c disease may aggravate pain. <ref>Güleç, G., & Güleç, S. (2006). Pain and pain behavior. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi’nin Yayin organidir [Agri: The jo

== Clinical Presentation == * joint pain and general achiness

...Which red flags aid the early detection of metastatic bone disease in back pain? Physiotherapy Practice and Research. 2017;38(2): 73-77.</ref> ...differential diagnoses when individuals present with [[Low Back Pain|back pain]] - particularly if the patient is not responding in an expected way or is

...h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9344960/ Treatment-based classification for low back pain: systematic review with meta-analysis.] Journal of Manual & Manipulative Th ...apy based on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain]. Spine. 2003;28:1363-1372. (Level of evidence 1B)</ref>

...ished by a decrease in force transmission from muscle to bone secondary to pain. <ref>dos Santos Franco YR, Miyamoto GC, Franco KF, de Oliveira RR, Cabral ...ntributing and aggravating factors that have resulted in the tendinopathy. Clinical reasoning around various [[Differential Diagnosis of Tendinopathy|different

...little league throwers. A more recent study found a 26% frequency of elbow pain in 9-12 year old baseball players. <ref name="Adirim">Adirim T, Cheng T. Ov == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

...7(6):531–537.''</ref> PGP can affect; pregnant women; athletes with groin pain; can occur after a trauma. The aSLR test is considered positive when it elicits pain in the lumbo-pelvic region or it points out a Motor Control (MC) dysfunctio

* This page discusses clinical triaging principles that must be considered in order to determine if a pati ...elerehabil. 2010;2(2):31.]</ref><ref name=":2">Cottrell, M. and Russel, T. Clinical Triaging and Practical Considerations in Telehealth Course. Plus. 2020</ref

...amaneurology/article-abstract/563564 The Hoover Sign: An Objective-Sign of Pain and/or Weakness in the Back or Lower Extremities. Archives of Neurology]. 1 ...flexion<ref>Cock HR, Edwards MJ. Functional neurological disorders: acute presentations and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2018 Oct;18(5):414-417. doi: 10.7861/clinm

...,%2C%20lower%20back%2C%20and%20thighs.\</ref><ref name=":3">Chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation; 2008 . Available from: https://e ...om person to person in ranging severity, type and perpetuity. CPPS-related pain can spread to the buttocks, lower back, and thighs.<ref name=":1" />

...Which red flags aid the early detection of metastatic bone disease in back pain? Physiotherapy Practice and Research. 2017;38(2): 73-77.</ref> ...astases occur in the thoracic spine, the patient may not describe thoracic pain.<ref name=":2" />

...firming (or checking) questions about symptoms: e.g. "You have been having pain at night for a week?" #* general evaluations rather than questions on problem presentations

...p clinicians select an appropriate intervention for patients with low back pain, including: ...ticle/96/7/1057/2864925 Treatment-based classification system for low back pain: revision and update.] Physical therapy. 2016 Jul 1;96(7):1057-66.Delitto A

...nce-based practice]] is about integrating the "best research evidence with clinical expertise and client preferences."<ref>Scurlock-Evans L, Upton P, Upton D. Every patient presents with a unique clinical picture. The therapist managing the patient should apply a broad base of ev

...://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9051-x Lumbar spondylosis: clinical presentation and treatment approaches.] Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal ...h rates of asymptomatic degeneration in the young complicates causality in pain diagnosis.<ref name=":4" />

...w back pain.<ref>Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet. 2017 Feb 18;389(10070):736-747. </ref> ...t some key features that can help to differentiate between mechanical back pain and inflammatory conditions, as well as discussing other [[The Flag System|

* Location of the [[Pain Assessment|pain]] Screen proximal structures to determine if they are involved in the patient’s clinical presentation. i.e. [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical joints]], [[Shoulder|Shoulde

...sitis]] (inflammation of a bursa) is one of the leading causes of shoulder pain. It can lead to lost workdays and, in some cases, even disability. ...erity, but may include swelling, excessive warmth at the site, tenderness, pain and/or fever.

...f long head of biceps (LHB) tendinopathy{{#ev:youtube|v=j4vYM7JXSW8}}<ref>Clinical Physio. Classic Long Head of Biceps Tendinopathy. Available from: https://w [[File:Shoulder Pain.png|right|frameless]]

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == ...r>• Pain that is relieved by aspirin within 30 minutes (75% of cases)<br>• Pain that increases with activity and alcohol consumption<br>• Local swelling

= Clinical reasoning processes = In line with the emphasis on clinical reasoning, it is essential that the patient history is used to establish an

...e of pain in 15% to 30% of people with mechanical [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]]. ...s is specific to an inflammatory processes present in the SI joint and the pain sensed is a direct result of those inflammatory processes, whereas sacroil

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == ..." /> Symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer include:[[Image:Abdominal pain.jpg|alt=|right|frameless]]

.... [online] NICE. Available at: <nowiki>https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/neck-pain-acute-torticollis/background-information/prevalence/</nowiki> </ref> ...iotherapy assessment process. Various sources can contribute to acute neck pain:

...s ''' - [[User:Hefu Tao|Hefu Tao]] as part of [[The University of Waterloo Clinical Biomechanics Project]] ...No. 2, pp. 69-80). WB Saunders.</ref> accounts for up to 40% of lower back pain<ref name=":0">Beresford ZM, Kendall RW, Willick SE. [https://journals.lww.c

...bility to bear weight on the joint. In hip injury, as with other traumatic presentations, age distribution is bimodal with high-energy trauma in the younger populat ...al Medicine and Rehabilitation, thigh/groin pain and constant back/buttock pain are better indicators of hip OA  than stand-alone tests and reported hip c

...eg is a time-sensitive orthopedic emergency that relies heavily on precise clinical findings. Lower leg ACS is a condition in which increased pressure within a ...ltiorgan failure]], and death. Hallmark symptoms of ACS include the 6 P’s: pain, poikilothermia, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis. The def

...es branching off of the plexus provide innervation to the upper extremity. Clinical signs and symptoms vary with which area of the plexus is involved, and gene ...impact. <ref name="Coene">Coene LN. Mechanisms of brachial plexus lesions. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 1993;95:24-29.</ref>

Congestive [[Heart Failure|heart failure]] (CHF) refers to the clinical syndrome caused by inherited or acquired abnormalities of heart structure a ...ccumulation ([[Dyspnoea|dyspnea]], orthopnea, [[Oedema Assessment|edema]], pain from [[Liver Disease|hepatic]] congestion, and abdominal distention from as

[See also [[Pregnancy Related Pelvic Pain|Pregnancy Related Pelvic Pain]]] [See also [[Chronic_Pelvic_Pain_Syndrome_-_Male|Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome - Male]]]