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...sment of ageing with spinal cord injury to bridge some of the existing gap in the literature. ...applicability of this in spinal cord injury assessment has been discussed in the earlier discussion on [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Assessment_of_Spina

...Cord Injury: [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/5/703 A Systematic Review with Metanalysis Involving New Rehabilitative Technologies]. Brain Sciences. 202 == Robotic Assisted Gait Training ==

...r following the release of the 19 level WISCI, it was modified to WISCI II with the inclusion of two levels,<ref name=":2">Ditunno PL, Ditunno JF Jr. Walki The WISCI/WISCI II was designed as a tool to measure improvement in walking ability specifically for spinal cord injury.<ref name=":0" /> It is

...ation includes training of caregivers, wheelchair seating, and progressive gait retraining if applicable. Education regarding medical complications, pressu ...whether or not the injury is complete or incomplete is directly associated with the individual’s ability to perform certain functional activities. The kn

...bodily movement without having to physically perform it and thus resulting in stimulation of the neural system. '''Richardson explains MP as “the symbolic practice of a physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements”<ref name=":0">Richardson, A.

...egments and body representation.png|thumb|400x400px]]Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) can be defined as a traumatic or non-traumatic event that leads to neural Spinal cord Injury does only have an impact on the individuals' physical and emotional well-being, but it also has a considerable impact o

...ed 6 May 2022]</ref>. It can be employed to determine functional mobility, gait, and vestibular function<ref>Academy of Neurological Physical Therapy. [htt ...e Your Gait Speed] Available from:https://www.wikihow.fitness/Measure-Your-Gait-Speed (last accessed 5.2.2020)</ref>

...an Thoracic Society and it was officially introduced in 2002, coming along with a comprehensive guideline<ref name=":0">Laboratories, A. T. S. C. o. P. S. ...ver a time of 6 minutes is used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity.

...ing on a person's foot or feet is concentrated, and it is a crucial factor in maintaining stability and preventing [[falls]]. ...review of center of pressure (COP) variables to quantify standing balance in elderly people: Algorithms and open-access code]. Physiol Rep. 2021;9(22):e

...eople who can walk independently are more likely to be able to participate in expected social roles and desired recreational activities, have a higher qu The ability to walk after a Spinal cord injury (SCI) depends on many factors including:

...will discuss the ways in which VR simulations can be used to help patients with neurological or musculoskeletal injuries. ...pinal cord injury (SCI)]]. Some examples of how VR simulations can be used in neurological rehabilitation include:

...y trained animals into healthcare to enhance the well-being of individuals with cognitive or physical disabilities. AAT is used by various health professio ...gy and palliative care, pain management, autism, ADHD, trauma and patients with physical, communication or cognitive disabilities, etc.

...verview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms]. Frontiers in neurology. 2019;10:282.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti ...can differ significantly between developing and developed countries (high in developed countries).

...n children aged two or under, toe walking is generally considered a normal gait variation; children usually demonstrate ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike b Toe walking can be associated with specific conditions, trauma or neurogenic influences.<ref name=":7" /> Cond

...ude a range of tests, from oculomotor testing to dynamic visual acuity and gait / balance assessments. This page will discuss the key components of the obj * Fixation in primary and eccentric gaze

...tion and sensations of pain, light touch, and temperature, but impairments in [[proprioception]], vibration, kinesthesia, and combined cortical functions ...ior aspects of the spinal cord. As a result, the common location of injury in Posterior Cord Syndrome is to the posterior columns and dorsal horns of the

...n Houcke J, Khanduja V, Pattyn C, Audenaert E. The history of biomechanics in total hip arthroplasty. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 2017 Aug;51(4):359- ...ch model of the biomechanics of the hip: a clinical perspective.] J Orthop Sci. 2002;7(6):724-30. </ref>

...Injuries|Management of Spinal Injuries course]] that we hope to run again in the future.&nbsp; ...tion with Lisa Harvey and Joanne Glinsky. We hope to run this course again in the future.

...t also explores factors that help predict ambulation recovery for patients with a spinal cord injury. ...l of the central pattern generator and its relation to treadmill training. Gait Posture. 1998 May 1;7(3):251-263.</ref>

...s a result of its interaction with another object. It plays a crucial role in rehabilitation by influencing movement patterns, tissue adaptation, and fun A comprehensive understanding of force dynamics is fundamental in guiding rehabilitation protocols. By harnessing the principles of biomechan

== Types of Sports for Athletes with Disabilities == ...in these sports if needed. Athletes with disabilities are able to compete in sports at elite levels. These levels can be only fractions behind athletes

...ga-Neto P, Bor-Seng-Shu E, de Carvalho Aguiar P, Barsottini OG. Milestones in Friedreich ataxia: more than a century and still learning. Neurogenetics. 2 ...systems<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. The disease is often associated with complex clinical and pathological changes and slowly progresses over time<r

...lp dorsiflex the foot throughout [[Gait Cycle|the gait cycle]] in patients with [[foot drop]] or to strengthen the [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]] followi ...arm cycling program at Parkwood Institute in London, Ontario for patients with a spinal cord injury [Internet]. Parkwood Institute | St. Joseph's Health C

== Strength Training in Evidence == ...on.jpg|thumb]]Paresis (muscle weakness) is a is a key physical impairment in [[Neurological Disorders|neurological conditions]] limiting mobility.<ref n

...76). 2019 Dec 15;44(24):E1443-E1451. </ref> Around half of all individuals with low back pain seek care,<ref>Almeida M, Saragiotto B, Richards B, Maher CG. When assessing patients with low back pain, age can help us formulate hypothetical diagnoses about the p

...ions of spasticity, assessment methods and options for managing spasticity in spinal cord injury. ...uron syndrome” -- ''JW'' ''Lance, 1980''<ref>Lance JW. Symposium synopsis. In Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP, editors. Spasticity: disordered motor cont

...from a neutral position i.e. Subtalar joint neutral to a relaxed position in standing (Fig. 1).<ref name="Vinicombe et al 2001">Vinicombe A, Raspovic A, ...index card placed along the inside of the foot and then measure the change with a ruler.

...se referred to as dexterity, refers to the ability to perform a motor task in an accurate, rapid and controlled manner<ref>Bernstein, N.A. Dexterity and ...or coordination during grasping and manipulating actions]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 2, Issue 6. December 1992, Pages 815-823 </ref>. For m

The term was coined by James Warren Sever in 1912. One of the most common causes of heel pain among children between the ...her composition of fibrocartilage. The calcaneal apophysis usually appears in children around 7-9 years old and fuses between the ages 15–17 years of a

...that clinicians can tailor-make treatment plans based on observed changes in the patient's function and behaviour. In this section, the physiotherapist asks questions and reviews the medical re

...y are able to walk effectively. Thereafter, the opportunity to participate in sport recreationally or competitively should be encouraged as a personal go ...2014). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription.</ref>&nbsp;in order to combat “lifestyle diseases” for ABBLs and IWAs are:

...iduals with a spinal cord injury, often resulting in improved independence in activities of daily living. ...rm crank, wheelchair treadmill) is becoming more commonplace, particularly in competitive sport. However, the results of these tests alone do not provide

...Staal JB. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338213/ Injuries in runners; a systematic review on risk factors and sex differences]. PloS one ...arathon</blockquote><blockquote>Ultra-marathon runners - Runners competing in races longer than a marathon</blockquote>

...extremity strength, activities of daily living, and no noticeable decline in cognitive function. This case study focus on physical exercise is important ...pairments as a part of the aging process, and those with AD must also deal with cognitive impairments that affect their ability to live independently.

...This article will focus on ankle [[proprioception]] and how it can be used in the rehabilitation of [[Ankle Sprain|ankle injuries]]. ...position and balance.<ref name=":0">Grigg PW. Peripheral Neural Mechanisms in Proprioception. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation,1994;3: 2-17. </ref>

...thletic training. 2011 Mar;46(2):133-41.</ref>. An estimated 40 percent of individuals who sustain a LAS go on to develop CAI.<ref>Hertel J, Corbett RO. An Update ...p after ankle inversion trauma. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2002 Jun;12(3):129-35.</ref>.

...n-makers in the future and to highlight the importance of further research in adults that have CP.   ...common causes of motor disability in children, with approximately 2 to 2.5 in 1000 Canadian children meeting the criteria for diagnosis.<ref name=":0" />

...f name=":3" /> The diaphragm role in trunk stability occurs simultaneously with its ventilation function.<ref name=":3" /> ...h Core Stabilization Exercises: Suggestions for Exercises and Progressions in Athletes. (2012). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 159. Available fro

.../ref><ref name=":0">Marshall, R and Hasnan, N. Chapter.27 Team Based Care. In: Chhabra HS, ISCoS Textbook on Comprehensive Management of Spinal Cord Inju </ref> Basically a team consists of a group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goa

...x valgus deformities.<ref name=":1">Joseph TN, Mroczek KJ. Decision making in the treatment of hallux valgus. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2007;65(1):19-23. </r ...e to the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Their dorsal surface articulates with the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal head and is contained within the

...cations. <ref name=":1">Harvey LA. Physiotherapy Rehabilitation for People with Spinal Cord Injuries. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2016 Jan 1;62(1):4-11.</ref ...ry of bladder/bowel function, eradicating autonomic dysreflexia, improving gait and trunk stability, regaining normal sensation and eliminating chronic pai

...ntilation, delirium, and the development of disabilities.<ref name=":0" /> In addition to the physical effects, prolonged hospitalisation can have a sign ...itation service for multi-trauma patients: a non-randomized clinical trial in the Netherlands]. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 11;12(1):e0170047. </ref>

...yngol Otol 2007; 121:449-454</ref> In many situations, the range of motion in the foot can be used to compensate for a disruption of equilibrium. If the ...ssive stretching: Pilot study of children and youth with sever limitations in self-mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2003; 15:167-175</ref>

</ref>.&nbsp;It occurs with increasing age, and is a major component in the development of [[Introduction to Frailty|frailty]]. ...rapy Research. 2019 Dec 20;22(2):53-7.</ref>. A narrative review published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2020) provides new evidence re

[[File:Ependymoma3.jpg|thumb|Anaplastic ependymoma in an adult patient]] ...% of all paediatric brain tumours and up to 33% of brain tumours occurring in those less than 3 years of age<ref name=":6">Radiopedia Ependymoma Availabl

...siotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] [[Dementia]] is a broad term used to describe a group of symptoms associated with an ongoing decline of the brain's abilities. Symptoms include impairments o

...shown to be capable of supporting improvements in quality and consistency in healthcare and is considered one of the main ways that evidence-based medic ...necessary procedures and the context for guideline development has changed with the emergence of Guideline Clearinghouses and large scale guideline product

...r organs. However, an aggressive type of osteoblastoma has been identified in very rare occasions that have led to metastasis, death, and mimicked osteos ...30, but can occur in ages as young as 2 and old as 70. Of those diagnosed with osteoblastoma, 80% of them are within the ages of 10 and 30.<ref name="p1"

...rapy (mCIMT) is an intervention used to improve functionality and mobility in the more affected upper extremity post-stroke. It is used as an alternative ...cation of upper-extremity constraint-induced movement therapy in a patient with subacute stroke. Phys Ther. 1999;79(9):847–53.

...amines the inpatient rehabilitation experience of an African American male with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMO). ...' The patient was a 34-year-old African American male with acute onset NMO with a unique presentation that affected his left visual field, left upper and l