...n proposed and well-documented studies showing the coexistence of abnormal pain perception and ADHD. Some of the studies are more theoretical or have low
* Abnormal sensory processing in ADHD and pain transmission<ref>Panagiotidi M, Overton PG, Stafford T. [https://www.scienc
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...les in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Apr 15;25(8):989-94.</ref>
One of the possible classifications for low back pain is a time based classification: <br>
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...and attitudes of healthcare professionals in primary medical centers. Pain Management Nursing. 2020 Jun 1;21(3):265-70.</ref>
...he management of pain in older people–a summary report. British Journal of Pain. 2022 Feb;16(1):6-13.</ref>
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...or nerve damage ([http://www.physio-pedia.com/Neuropathic_pain neuropathic pain]).
...tations of the medication in managing [[Chronic Pain and the Brain|chronic pain]]; and to understand the peak action of the medication and when is the best
29 KB (4,205 words) - 22:05, 10 October 2022
...al and physiological pain responses.<ref>Butler D, Moseley L.2015. Explain Pain</ref>
...is K, Murray E, Cherven B, McCracken C, Travers C. Effect of Vibration on Pain Response to Heel Lance: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial. Adv Neonatal Care
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...panded upon by the addition of six key notes and the etymology of the word pain for further valuable context;
...lenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020 Sep 1;161(9):1976-1982. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939. PMID: 32694387; PMCID: PMC7680716.]</ref>.
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#REDIRECT [[Exercise and Activity in Pain Management]]
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...sations following an amputation that should be discussed when referring to pain following amputation. Some of them are extremely painful and terribly unple
== Why Does Pain Occur? ==
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...la for healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom. European Journal of Pain. 15 (8) 789-795.</ref>
...em make sense of their pain and guide them towards effective, ongoing self-management.
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...Body-mindfulness in physiotherapy for the management of long-term chronic pain. Physical therapy reviews. 2008 Feb 1;13(1):45-56.</ref>
...interventions reduce pain intensity? A critical review of the literature. Pain Medicine. 2013;14(2):230-42.</ref>A state of mindfulness begins by acceptin
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== What is Pain Management? [[Image:Cognitive-graphic.gif|thumb|right|300px]] ==
...ombined approach can be used<ref name="But">Butler DS, Moseley GL. Explain pain. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications; 2003</ref>.
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== Multidimensionality of Pain ==
...Chronic Pain Management. Published online. 2011. Available at: www.change.pain.com</ref><br>
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...os, James McLean, Lynn Rader. Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Approach to Pain. Medical Clinics of North America, Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 57-95. 2007</r
...old standard" psychological treatment for individuals with a wide range of pain problems. It can be used alone or in conjunction with medical or interdisci
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...relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer.] Pain reports. 2019 Jul;4(4). DOI:10.1097/PR9.0000000000000759 </ref>
* Alleviation of pain
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...ptor and [[Nociception|nociceptive]] pathways by a noxious stimulus is not pain".<ref name=":0" />
...Exercise -Therapeutic|exercise therapy]] can be an important treatment for pain. There are many other additional benefits of exercise and regular [[Physica
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== Pain ==
...n and News.Jul 16,2020.(cited: 12/6/2020) Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/PublicationsNews/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=10475
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...Pain in Pregnancy, Risk Factors, and Its Effects on Quality of Life]. Pain Management Nursing. 2020 Dec 1;21(6):579-86.</ref>
...ent sample size, the generalisability is limited and the classification of pain, type and localisation were subjectively assessed.<ref name=":13" />
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...n]] as part of the [http://members.physio-pedia.com Physiopedia Plus] neck pain course.
...o?view=chart</nowiki>.</ref> limitations and difficulties of treating neck pain in the Caribbean.
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...through a proper [[Evidence Based Assessment of Pain in Displaced Persons|pain assessment]], should be considered while framing a treatment strategy.<ref
While the overall management of pain in displaced persons is very similar to other populations, the selection o
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...e biomechanical and psychosocial elements that may cause or influence this pain.This page aims to provide an overview of possible physiotherapy interventio
...rsonality in amputee and chronic pain populations. The Clinical journal of pain. 1992 Dec;8(4):351-7.</ref>.<br>
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...D. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186678/ Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates fro
=== '''Low Back Pain Classification by Duration:''' ===
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#REDIRECT [[Management of Lower Back Pain related to Lower Cross Syndrome]]
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...es. These pinched nerves can cause neurological issues, including shooting pain in the neck and other parts of the body.
...to excessive lumbar lordosis (swayback posture), contributing to low back pain and SI joint dysfunction. Gluteus muscles are inhibited with SI joint dysfu
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...e patient has demonstrated a clear positive response with the abolition of pain and reduction in her self rated disability, using the [[Oswestry Disability
...back pain, which was cramping in nature and rated at 4/10 on the [[Numeric Pain Rating Scale|Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)]] with occasional radiation into
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...costs<ref>Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. The spine
...outer LM. Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common int
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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...n approaches in physical therapy management of a case of subacute low back pain]]
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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== About The Physiotherapy Pain Association (PPA) ==
...ith the common interest of managing patients with both acute and long term pain. It was established in 1994 and recognised as a Clinical Interest Group of
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...ance. It is both pleased and proud to have led this project to develop the Pain section in Physiopedia.
...Education/CurriculumDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=2055 IASP Curriculum Outline on Pain for Physical Therapy].
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...and attitudes of healthcare professionals in primary medical centers. Pain Management Nursing. 2020 Jun 1;21(3):265-70.</ref>
...he management of pain in older people–a summary report. British Journal of Pain. 2022 Feb;16(1):6-13.</ref>
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This page highlights all the available guidelines for low back pain from the international community. If you know of any more please add
...t.2021.0304 Interventions for the management of acute and chronic low back pain: revision 2021: clinical practice guidelines linked to the international cl
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...sia or allodynia in the same region<ref>Finnerup, N.B. & Baastrup, C. Curr Pain Headache Rep (2012) 16: 207. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-025
Antiepileptics’ mechanism of action for treating pain is not fully understood, although it is proposed to work as a GABA agonist
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# [https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg177 Osteoarthritis: care and management], NICE CPGs Published date: February 2014
...tps://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg124/chapter/Recommendations Hip fracture: management], NICE CPGs Last updated: May 2017
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[[File:Low Back Pain Guy.jpg|thumb|alt=|200x200px]]
...doi/abs/10.1177/1559827620971547 Lifestyle medicine for chronic lower back pain: an evidence-based approach]. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;
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...s, and swelling, are often associated with functional limitations, chronic pain and lower quality of life.<ref>Hsu H, Siwiec RM. Knee Osteoarthritis.2019 A
==Conservative vs Surgical Management ==
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...aries to elevate the standard of care for individuals dealing with chronic pain. Our [https://healthmaxphysio.com/scarborough/ physiotherapy clinic in Scar
...hniques utilized at HealthMax Physiotherapy Clinics for addressing chronic pain.
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...changes and healthier living through nutrition, physical activity, disease management many lifestyle related diseases can be prevented.
==== Lifestyle Medicine for Health and Disease Management ====
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== What is Pain ? ==
...]</ref>. It is usually subjective<ref>Merskey, H., 1991. The definition of pain. ''European psychiatry''.</ref>.
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== Acute Pain ==
...resources/college-publications/acute-pain-management/apmse5.pdf Acute pain management: scientific evidence.] Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists;
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...re used to treat different types of spinal disorders ranging from low back pain to complex spine trauma and deformity.
...ons such as ligamentous, osseous or musculotendinous diseases, and in pain management.
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...in, fatigue, anxiety, etc.<ref>Prowse T. General Management of Paediatric Pain Problems Course. Plus. 2022.
...of safety in me’.<ref name=":0" /> The overall goal for self-management of pain is to effectively decrease DIMS while increasing SIMS.<ref name=":4" /> Mos
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...12602711].</ref> It is a common, but underrecognized cause of benign chest pain in children and adolescents.The pathophysiology of the syndrome is unknown.
...ren aged 6 to 12 years.<ref name=":0" /> There is no sex predilection. The pain usually occurs while the patient is at rest, but never occurs during sleep.
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...ent in the elderly: evaluation of psychometric properties of the Geriatric Pain Measure-Portuguese version. Revista Dor. 2015 Jun;16(2):136-41.</ref>.
...002) and recommends that multidimensional tools should be used to evaluate pain quantification and approach in the elderly in a multidimensional manner and
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Side stitch is an acute, localized, pain on the upper side of the abdomen which can occur after exercise.
It is also called '''Exercise Induced Abdominal Pain (E.I.A.P.)'''. <ref name=":0">Eichner ER. Stitch in the side: causes, worku
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...and move around in the joint, and can result into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar
* Pain in the joint
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...prevalence of lumbosacral pathology in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome]. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2022
[[File:Lower back pain.png|center|thumb|260x260px|Low Back Pain ]]
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...ice.org.uk/guidance/cg61 Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management.] (published date: <time>2008; updated 2017) [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]</time>
....uk/guidance/cg99 Constipation in children and young people: diagnosis and management]. (published date: <time>2010; updated 2017). [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]</time
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=== Medical Management ===
* [[Pain Management in Spinal Cord Injury|Pain Management]]
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A patient - chronic left lateral elbow pain with associated weakness in his left hand.
...and how to improve things<br>To begin treatment where appropriate/set out management plan.
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...ers and facilitators <br>14. The relationship between fitness and low back pain <br>
*[[Classification Of Low Back Pain Using Shirley Sahrmann’s Movement System Impairments, An Overview Of The
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...improve upper limb function. This module will provide a guideline for the management of the tetraplegic upper limb, describe rehabilitation principles to develo
== Function and Management According to Neurological Level ==
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...greater than a person with a single limb amputation. These challenges are: pain, adjustment to lifestyle, return to quality of life. Multiple amputation co
==Medical and Surgical Management==
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...musculature and surrounding tissue<ref>Finnerup, N.B. & Baastrup, C. Curr Pain Headache Rep (2012) 16: 207. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-025
...drug class’ addictive potential, it is not recommended for long term pain management. Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed to address spasticity on a short-te
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.../painmedicine/article/16/1/51/2460400 what is its role in pain medicine?]. Pain Medicine. 2015 Jan 1;16(1):51-60.</ref>
== Spiritual Pain ==
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...eg nerve fibers carrying nociceptive signals are interrupted resulting in pain relief.<ref name=":4">Tariq RA, Mueller M, Green MS. Neuraxial Neurolysis.
* External neurolysis is releasing [[Scar Management|scar]] tissue from the nerve
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..., the weakness of the back extensor muscles can also form the basis of the pain as it will put a load on the Quadratus Lumborum.
...of the patients with quadratus lumborum involvement, present with low back pain.
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== Pain ==
...n and News.Jul 16,2020.(cited: 12/6/2020) Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/PublicationsNews/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=10475
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...ia, intramedullary (IM) nail fixation of bilateral femurs and conservative management of the pelvic fracture. This resulted in an extensive stay in ICU followed
...y admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following initial conservative management.
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...timuli and the stimuli is maintained for 15- 20 seconds. If indicated, the pain will reduce in this period and the patient would have gained a new P1.
...le pain producing compression force with movement for '''20 seconds''' the pain would often disappear or would be significantly reduced."<br></div>
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...|Chronic low back pain]] or [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck pain]]<ref name=":0" />
* Multiple areas of pain<ref name=":0" />
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[[File:Integrative Medicine and Pain page - Photo credit Canva - Nanette Grebe - acupuncture.png|thumb|Acupunctu
Figure 1 outlines various disease management strategies.
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== Management ==
===== Conservative management =====
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== Pain Phases ==
...acute and persistent/chronic pain and the implications for assessment and management of the patient:
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Freiberg’s test elicits pain by passively internal rotation of the extended hip, when the patient is in
...-18</ref>,<ref name="Lori">Lori A, Boyajian- O’ Neill et al. Diagnosis and Management of Piriformis syndrome : an osteopathic approach. The journal of the Americ
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...bservation, and ePAT that is an electronic application developed to assess pain for people with dementia.
== Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale ==
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...matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain]. Spine 2002;27(24):2529-2602.</ref>. The McKenzie side glide test is an as
.../articles/PMC2646960/ McKenzie diagnosis and therapy in the evaluation and management of a lumbar disc derangement syndrome: A case study.] J Chiropr Med, 2013;
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