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...nical Practice Guidelines|neck]], [[Lumbar Anatomy|back,]] or [[shoulder]] pain.<ref>Ghan GM, Babu VS. Immediate effect of cervico-thoracic mobilization on ...be defined as a form of manual therapy that is used in an effort to reduce pain and improve range of motion<ref>Di Fabio RP . Efficacy of manual therapy. P

The deep neck flexors (or prevertebral [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical muscles]]) are the equivalent of the [[Core Muscles|core]] for the ...hey prevertebral layer of the cervical [[fascia]], encloses [[Spinal cord anatomy|vertebral]] column, longus colli and longus capitis muscles.<ref name=":0"

# Intermediate: attached to the posterior [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] ...:0">Modes RJ, Fahrioglu SL. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539746/ Anatomy, Back]. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Mar 27. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.

...teal-muscles Gluteal Muscles] Available: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gluteal-muscles<nowiki/>(accessed 11.1.2022)</ref>. Image 1: Rotating image of the anatomy of muscles of the gluteal region. The Maximus (yellow), medius (blue) and m

...(SOR) on craniovertebral angle, cervical range of motion and chronic neck pain in medical students with upper cross syndrome at the end of 6 weeks: A comp == Clinically Relevant Anatomy ==

...r positioning in testing and strengthening the supraspinatus. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1996 Jun 1;28(6):661-4.</ref> ==Relevant anatomy==

[[File:Back pain image.jpg|right]] ...t, depression, anxiety, pain-related disability and pain intensity]. Eur J Pain [Internet]. 2022 June 12 [cited 2023 May 22]. 26:1611–1635</ref>.

.../articles/PMC3445210/ Influence of the hip on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review]. Sports health. 2011 Sep;3(5):455-65.Availab ...al Knee-Based Strengthening More Effective in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?] A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic Journal of S

...tive surgery. 2005 May 1;115(6):1752-8.</ref><ref name=":2">Yu M, Wang SM. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Occipital Nerves. [Updated 2022 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [In ...SR. Neuralgias of the head: occipital neuralgia. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2016 Apr 1;31(4):479-88.</ref>]]

...cles]].<ref name=":0">Moore KL. Dalley AF. Agur AMR. Clinically Orientated Anatomy. 7^th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014. ...Capitis Muscle Syndrome Available: https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/pain/maxillofacial/splenius-capitis-muscle-syndrome (accessed 3.2.2022)</ref>

...:0">Keith, L., Arthur, F. and Anne, M. (n.d.). ''Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy''. 7th ed.</ref> ...n green) - lateral view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/levator-scapulae-muscle </ref>

Image: Four [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] lobes:frontal lobe(red); parietal lobe(orange); temporal lobe(green *[[File:Basal ganglia anatomy.jpg|right|frameless|400x400px]]The cerebrum is the largest part of the brai

...ly throughout the [[lumbar]], [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] regions. It lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral colu ...r Musculature Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/lumbar-musculature-anatomy-and-function/ (accessed 5.3.2022)</ref>

...a review of mechanisms and clinical presentation.] Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2019;27.</ref> == Clinically Relevant Anatomy ==

...st’. It is found that up to 32-73% of youth athletes are affected by wrist pain from overuse injuries<ref name=":1" />, and 15% of which involves the grow == Clinically Relevant Anatomy ==

...nd femoral nerves.<ref name=":1">Farrell C, Shamrock AG, Black AC, Kiel J. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Medial Meniscus. InStatPearls [Internet] 2023 == Anatomy and Attachment ==

...S">Travell JG, Simons DG, Simons LS (1998). Travell and Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Volume 1: Upper Half of Body (2n ...Jan 1;117(1):24-31.</ref><ref>Agur AMR, Dalley AF (2012). Grant's Atlas of Anatomy (13th ed). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref>

== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == .../pii/S1058274607005009</nowiki></ref>[[File:Quad space.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Anatomy of the Quadrilateral Space ]]

...t was originated in ''Vedic'' time and is used as a modality in Ayurveda (Science of Life), the comprehensive, natural health care system.<ref name=":0">Shar == How is the human body viewed in Vedic Science? ==

== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == ...ernal intercostals in their function<ref>https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/intercostal-muscles</ref>.

...abductors. Hip abduction strengthening exercises help to prevent and treat pain in the hips and knees<ref>Healthline The Benefits and Effectiveness of Hip ...post-menopausal women with greater trochanteric pain syndrome]. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2017 Jan 1;20:e72.Available: https://www.researchgat

The [[hip]] hinge is a movement where the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]] and [[pelvis]] stay in a relatively ...o [[Lifting|lift]] from the ground while dealing with [[Low Back Pain|back pain.]]

...symptoms that often present together without identifying the cause of the pain and dysfunction, as is the case with other syndromes such as chronic fatigu == Clinically Relevant Anatomy ==

...iling facts for contemporary management of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain]. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Nov;56(22):1262-5. </ref> * [[Pelvic Floor Anatomy|Pelvic Floor]]

== Anatomy == ...study of the proximal origin of hamstring muscles]. Journal of Orthopaedic Science. 2012 Sep 1;17(5):614-8.</ref>

...s of the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] or the central canal of the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]]. They account for ~5% of all neuroepithelial neoplasms, ~10% ==Clinically Relevant Anatomy==

== Anatomy of Cycle == ...se injury in cycling. It is also known as cyclist's knee or patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

...me=":1">Gowda SN, Bordoni B. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556078 Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Levator Ani Muscle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2020 Mar == Anatomy ==

[[File:Pain experience.png|thumb|Pain experience]] ...related to sensitivity of peripheral pain receptors and variability in CNS pain processing. Reasons for this include:

...o not leave the pelvic cavity.<ref>Drake RL. Vogl AW. Mitchell AWM. Gray's Anatomy for Students. 3rd edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 20 # Cancers can invade the sacral plexus causing pain radiating pain syndromes similar to sciatic nerve lesions.<ref>Grisold W. Grisold A. Loche

...n) - anterolateral view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/transversus-abdominis-muscle</ref> ...t of the Transversus Abdominis in the Prevention and Treatment of Low Back Pain.] HSS Journal®. 2019 Oct 1;15(3):214-20.</ref>

...communis ).<ref>A.J. Larner; A Dictionary of Neurological Signs; Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 12-Nov-2010; page 369</ref> == Anatomy ==

# It is often prescribed for patients with back pain , and increases the activities of trunk stabilization muscles such as the [ ...bridging / pelvic bridging reveals the movement comprises of&nbsp;: [[Hip Anatomy|Hip]] Extension; [[Lumbar]] extension; and Posterior [[Pelvic Tilt|Pelvic t

== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == ...scos, Diego F. Lemos, and Leonard E. Swischuk. Comprehensive Review of the Anatomy, Function, and Imaging of the Popliteus and Associated Pathologic Condition

...":1">Jeno SH, Schindler GS. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534842/ Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, thigh adductor magnus muscles.]Available: http == Anatomy ==

...e on thoracic shape and respiratory function]. Journal of physical therapy science. 2019;31(1):63-8. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=li ...d compressive forces through the neck joints and increased muscle tension, pain is the common outcome. Some of the types of problems associated with FHP ar

...of sports medicine and science. TD Fahey (Ed). Internet society for sports science: <nowiki>http://sportsci</nowiki>. org. 7th March. 1998 Mar.</ref> and stra == Clinically Relevant Anatomy ==

...of this test, some studies have indicated a positive result as denoted by pain, some by weakness, and some by both<ref name=":0">Sgroi M, Loitsch T, Reich ...) activity compared with the [[Empty Can Test]], but that it provoked less pain. Their findings showed no significant difference in supraspinatus muscle ac

...vel to the scalp and the superior nuchal line<ref name=":0">Yu M, Wang SM. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Occipital Nerves. [Updated 2021 Nov 5]. In: StatPearls [Int ...tal neuralgia is a type of headache characterized by a paroxysmal stabbing pain in the posterior area of the scalp.

...avi SL, Wright AA, Hegedus EJ, Bleakley CM. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987717304243 Biotensegrity and myofascial chains: A global ...e body to move as a unit.  They can, however, also cause [[Myofascial Pain|pain]] and structural weakness.<ref name=":0" /> Thus, by understanding myofasci

...n, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019 Mar 11;23(3):23. doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1. PMID: 3 ...efinitions and physiology of back pain, referred pain, and radicular pain. PAIN 147 (2009) 17–19</ref>

...n accumulation of these ions—acidosis—causing exhaustion and intramuscular pain<ref>The fee dictionary [https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/la ...he body of elite endurance athletes Available: https://theconversation.com/science-of-champion-runners-inside-the-body-of-elite-endurance-athletes-146639<nowi

Sexual desire/interest, arousal, orgasm, and sexual pain are the four main categories of sexual dysfunction. ...ue)<ref>Hatzimouratidis K, Hatzichristou D. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609515314892 Sexual dysfunctions: classifications and defi

...=":0">Flynn W, Vickerton P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551649/ Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Abdominal Wall.] Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go ...al wall (anterior view) image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/anterior-abdominal-wall</ref>

...0">Bonnel FT, Toullec E, Mabit C, Tourné Y. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056810000794?via%3Dihub Chronic ankle instability: biomech ...an anterior talofibular ligament in relation to ankle sprains.] Journal of anatomy. 2002 May;200(5):457-65.</ref>

* It is a channel for the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] transmitting stimuli (sensory) from the head and body to the ...nd reflexes, letting you respond appropriately to situations like that<ref>Science trends The function of the midbrain Available from:https://sciencetrends.co

== Description<ref>Palastanga N & Soames R ''Anatomy and Human Movement, Structure and Function.'' 6th ed. China: Elsevier(Chur ...eroneal nerve (L4,5,S1,2)<ref name=":0">Ellis H ''Clinical Anatomy,Applied Anatomy for Students and Junior Doctors.'' 11th ed. Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell

...S, Cook J. [https://www.bodyinmind.org/wp-content/uploads/Rio2013.pdf The pain of tendinopathy: physiological or pathophysiological?]. Sports medicine. 20 ...TB, Pizzari T, Kinsella R, Hope D, Cook JL. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521694219300233?casa_token=y5irK5QLRAgAAAAA:C8IDouQjejbc5zvP6

...sitis]] (inflammation of a bursa) is one of the leading causes of shoulder pain. It can lead to lost workdays and, in some cases, even disability. ...erity, but may include swelling, excessive warmth at the site, tenderness, pain and/or fever.

...on, which would not seem appropriate for all patient suffering from tendon pain. So this has led to further research and theories.&nbsp;<ref name="(Maufful ...thy’. Cook and Purdum have proposed a new strategy when approaching tendon pain, and this is called the tendon continuum. They propose there are 3 stages t