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...from:https://www.notredame.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/3046/What-is-pain-part-II-philosophy-behaviours-ANZCA-Blue-Book.pdf (last accessed 20.5.2020) ...c disease may aggravate pain. <ref>Güleç, G., & Güleç, S. (2006). Pain and pain behavior. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi’nin Yayin organidir [Agri: The jo

== Clinical Presentation == * joint pain and general achiness

...Which red flags aid the early detection of metastatic bone disease in back pain? Physiotherapy Practice and Research. 2017;38(2): 73-77.</ref> ...differential diagnoses when individuals present with [[Low Back Pain|back pain]] - particularly if the patient is not responding in an expected way or is

...h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9344960/ Treatment-based classification for low back pain: systematic review with meta-analysis.] Journal of Manual & Manipulative Th ...apy based on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain]. Spine. 2003;28:1363-1372. (Level of evidence 1B)</ref>

...ished by a decrease in force transmission from muscle to bone secondary to pain. <ref>dos Santos Franco YR, Miyamoto GC, Franco KF, de Oliveira RR, Cabral ...ntributing and aggravating factors that have resulted in the tendinopathy. Clinical reasoning around various [[Differential Diagnosis of Tendinopathy|different

...little league throwers. A more recent study found a 26% frequency of elbow pain in 9-12 year old baseball players. <ref name="Adirim">Adirim T, Cheng T. Ov == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

...7(6):531–537.''</ref> PGP can affect; pregnant women; athletes with groin pain; can occur after a trauma. The aSLR test is considered positive when it elicits pain in the lumbo-pelvic region or it points out a Motor Control (MC) dysfunctio

* This page discusses clinical triaging principles that must be considered in order to determine if a pati ...elerehabil. 2010;2(2):31.]</ref><ref name=":2">Cottrell, M. and Russel, T. Clinical Triaging and Practical Considerations in Telehealth Course. Plus. 2020</ref

...amaneurology/article-abstract/563564 The Hoover Sign: An Objective-Sign of Pain and/or Weakness in the Back or Lower Extremities. Archives of Neurology]. 1 ...flexion<ref>Cock HR, Edwards MJ. Functional neurological disorders: acute presentations and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2018 Oct;18(5):414-417. doi: 10.7861/clinm

...,%2C%20lower%20back%2C%20and%20thighs.\</ref><ref name=":3">Chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation; 2008 . Available from: https://e ...om person to person in ranging severity, type and perpetuity. CPPS-related pain can spread to the buttocks, lower back, and thighs.<ref name=":1" />

...Which red flags aid the early detection of metastatic bone disease in back pain? Physiotherapy Practice and Research. 2017;38(2): 73-77.</ref> ...astases occur in the thoracic spine, the patient may not describe thoracic pain.<ref name=":2" />

...firming (or checking) questions about symptoms: e.g. "You have been having pain at night for a week?" #* general evaluations rather than questions on problem presentations

...p clinicians select an appropriate intervention for patients with low back pain, including: ...ticle/96/7/1057/2864925 Treatment-based classification system for low back pain: revision and update.] Physical therapy. 2016 Jul 1;96(7):1057-66.Delitto A

...nce-based practice]] is about integrating the "best research evidence with clinical expertise and client preferences."<ref>Scurlock-Evans L, Upton P, Upton D. Every patient presents with a unique clinical picture. The therapist managing the patient should apply a broad base of ev

...://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9051-x Lumbar spondylosis: clinical presentation and treatment approaches.] Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal ...h rates of asymptomatic degeneration in the young complicates causality in pain diagnosis.<ref name=":4" />

...w back pain.<ref>Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet. 2017 Feb 18;389(10070):736-747. </ref> ...t some key features that can help to differentiate between mechanical back pain and inflammatory conditions, as well as discussing other [[The Flag System|

* Location of the [[Pain Assessment|pain]] Screen proximal structures to determine if they are involved in the patient’s clinical presentation. i.e. [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical joints]], [[Shoulder|Shoulde

...sitis]] (inflammation of a bursa) is one of the leading causes of shoulder pain. It can lead to lost workdays and, in some cases, even disability. ...erity, but may include swelling, excessive warmth at the site, tenderness, pain and/or fever.

...f long head of biceps (LHB) tendinopathy{{#ev:youtube|v=j4vYM7JXSW8}}<ref>Clinical Physio. Classic Long Head of Biceps Tendinopathy. Available from: https://w [[File:Shoulder Pain.png|right|frameless]]

.... [online] NICE. Available at: <nowiki>https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/neck-pain-acute-torticollis/background-information/prevalence/</nowiki> </ref> ...iotherapy assessment process. Various sources can contribute to acute neck pain:

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == ...r>• Pain that is relieved by aspirin within 30 minutes (75% of cases)<br>• Pain that increases with activity and alcohol consumption<br>• Local swelling

= Clinical reasoning processes = In line with the emphasis on clinical reasoning, it is essential that the patient history is used to establish an

...e of pain in 15% to 30% of people with mechanical [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]]. ...s is specific to an inflammatory processes present in the SI joint and the pain sensed is a direct result of those inflammatory processes, whereas sacroil

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == ..." /> Symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer include:[[Image:Abdominal pain.jpg|alt=|right|frameless]]

...s ''' - [[User:Hefu Tao|Hefu Tao]] as part of [[The University of Waterloo Clinical Biomechanics Project]] ...No. 2, pp. 69-80). WB Saunders.</ref> accounts for up to 40% of lower back pain<ref name=":0">Beresford ZM, Kendall RW, Willick SE. [https://journals.lww.c

...bility to bear weight on the joint. In hip injury, as with other traumatic presentations, age distribution is bimodal with high-energy trauma in the younger populat ...al Medicine and Rehabilitation, thigh/groin pain and constant back/buttock pain are better indicators of hip OA  than stand-alone tests and reported hip c

...eg is a time-sensitive orthopedic emergency that relies heavily on precise clinical findings. Lower leg ACS is a condition in which increased pressure within a ...ltiorgan failure]], and death. Hallmark symptoms of ACS include the 6 P’s: pain, poikilothermia, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis. The def

...es branching off of the plexus provide innervation to the upper extremity. Clinical signs and symptoms vary with which area of the plexus is involved, and gene ...impact. <ref name="Coene">Coene LN. Mechanisms of brachial plexus lesions. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 1993;95:24-29.</ref>

Congestive [[Heart Failure|heart failure]] (CHF) refers to the clinical syndrome caused by inherited or acquired abnormalities of heart structure a ...ccumulation ([[Dyspnoea|dyspnea]], orthopnea, [[Oedema Assessment|edema]], pain from [[Liver Disease|hepatic]] congestion, and abdominal distention from as

[See also [[Pregnancy Related Pelvic Pain|Pregnancy Related Pelvic Pain]]] [See also [[Chronic_Pelvic_Pain_Syndrome_-_Male|Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome - Male]]]

[[File:3d-medical-image-with-female-holding-neck-pain.jpg|right|frameless]] ..., course, and care: the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Supp

...tent.<ref name="p4">Kinematics of the Spine. In White AA, Panjabi MM, eds: Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine, 1990</ref> ...disk works as a cushion for the mechanical loads.<ref name="p5">Bogduk N. Clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum. Elsevier, 2005</ref>

...in pain or pain in the anterior side of the hip, and less commonly buttock pain.<ref name="Groh">Groh MM, Herrera J. A comprehensive review of labral tears ...ef name="Klaue">Klaue K, Durnin CW, Ganz R. The acetabular rim syndrome: a clinical presentation of dysplasia of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991;73:423– 4

...WJ, Saifuddin A. Pes anserine bursitis: Incidence in symptomatic knees and clinical presentation. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34:395–8.</ref>. We can locate this a ...as E, et al. The contribution of selected non-articular conditions to knee pain severity and associated disability in older adults. Osteoarthritis Cartilag

...outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 1: anatomy, and clinical examination/diagnosis.] Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2010 Jun ...><ref name=":4">César Fernàndez et al.; Manual Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes; Elsevier, 2016&nbsp;</ref>

...condition may affect both peripheral joints and the axial skeleton causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and possible joint destruction. This joint pathology == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

...=":6" /> The knee is made up of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint. Pain experienced in the knee can have various causes. Performing a thorough, det == Common Causes of Knee Pain ==

...xplored. It can, however, be a silent contributor to many presentations in clinical practice.<ref name=":0" /> ...culoskelet Disord''. 2009;10(39).</ref> looked at the prevalence of spinal pain. It found that in one year<ref name=":4" />:

*[[Chronic Pelvic Pain|Pelvic pain]] <ref name="Panman" /> ...tory versus electric stimulation on the pelvic floor muscles: A randomized clinical trial.] European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biolog

...(SI) joints, and a common cause of buttocks or [[Low Back Pain|lower back pain]]. Inflammation of the [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] may occur seco ...ditions result in the inflammation of the SI joint, leading to significant pain.

...ld M, Mckenna L. Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bri .... <ref>Kibler WB, Ludewig PM, McClure PW, Michener LA, Bak K, Sciascia AD. Clinical implications of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder injury: the 2013 consensus

The purpose of this document is to summarize the clinical evaluation of somebody who has been diagnosed with Achilles Tendinopathy. ...ercholesterolemia]] (HeFH)<ref name=":0" /> - New onset of Achilles tendon pain is often the first sign of hypercholesterolemia and should be investigated

== What Is Causing the Pain? == The diagnosis of Gluteal or buttock pain is complicated due to the overlapping symptoms of many conditions such as <

...can be a very painful condition that may lead to a great deal of distress. Presentations of [[Congenital torticollis|torticollis]] are defined using causal terms su ...argo C, Teive H, Becker N, Baran M, Scola R, Werneck L. Cervical dystonia: clinical and therapeutic features in 85 patients. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2008;66(1):15-2

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation<ref name="Cleveland Clinic">Schilder AM. Wegener's Granulomato ...mptoms of other diseases or illnesses but are often vague in the beginning presentations of this disease. &nbsp;The first signs and symptoms include upper respirato

...a general term that encompasses a large number of diseases with different presentations. The terms '[[Muscle Disorders|muscle disease]]', ‘[[Myopathies|myopathy] ...E, Muntoni F. Muscular dystrophy: new challenges and review of the current clinical trials. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016. 25(6): 701-707.</ref>. At present, treatin

...tinence|urinary]] or fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and pelvic pain. ...al examinations by the same practitioner can provide useful information in clinical practice. However, findings between different examiners may not be as accur

...s known as [[Motor Neurone Disease MND|Motor Neurone Diseases]] (MND). Its clinical hallmark is the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, leading ...al therapy is an integral component of the ALS [[Multidisciplinary Care in Pain Management|multidisciplinary]] team and is well-grounded in rehabilitation

...">Mader R, Verlaan J, Buskila D. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9(12):741-750.< == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

== Clinical Relevance == ...sequences. Patients may complain of instability, however, most will report pain, reduced accuracy, and decreased velocity with movements of the affected up