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...ent condition (HPC) (Was there trauma or was it insidious onset? Mechanism of Injury?)<br> ...n? (Is pain in a dermatomal region - pain in the knee can be referred from the back)

...smosis in adults: a pictorial essay with a multimodality approach. Journal of anatomy. 2010 Dec 1;217(6):633-45.</ref> with slightly movement allowed. ...of injury, and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and intervention. Journal of Orthopaedic&amp;Sports Physical Therapy. 2006 Jun;36(6):372-84.</ref>.&nbsp

...Publishing.</ref> The medial meniscus is located on the medial portion of the tibial plateau. ...and-relevant-anatomical-relations-ACL-anterior Q320.jpeg|frame|<ref>Review of Meniscus Anatomy and Biomechanics - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Avai

...rea of tenderness to the distal semimembranosus tendon or its insertion on the medial proximal tibia.<ref name=":0" /> ...bursa under the tendon to smooth the movement of the tendons. It is often the bursa that will be ignited by excessive friction.

...pivot shift test in acute and chronic knee injuries]. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1986;14:88-91.fckLRhttp://ajs.sagepub.com/content/14/1/88.s ...ically, the anterior translation if less than 6mm. If it is more than 6mm, the test is considered positive.

...en you walk, loss of range of movement and a feeling of instability in the knee. The content on or accessible through Physiopedia is for [http://www.physio-pedi

...[[fibula]] of the leg and the [[talus]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. See the page for [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] for more information. ...of the strongest load-bearing structures known to mankind.<ref>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Foot. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/

...f the femoral shaft are uncommon and mostly occur at the proximal third of the femur<ref>Boden BP, Speer KP. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/articl ...[[Femur]] is the longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee.

...cCarthy|Sinead McCarthy]], [[User:Conor Mc Hugh|Conor McHugh]] (as part of the [[User:RCSI]] student project). ...ml [last accessed 28/5/9]</ref>. The test is performed in conjunction with the Apley's distraction test.

..., prognostic indicators and outcome following surgical management. Journal of Trauma Management and Outcomes. 2007; 1:2</ref> ...b|300px|Type 1 Floating knee (Blake & McBryde classification)]] <ref name="knee" />

...sup>(A2)</sup><ref name="2 (B)">Jakob RP., Staubli HU., Deland JT. Grading the pivot shift, objective tests with implications for treatment. VOL 69-B, No. ...natomy [[Image:Heleen fig1.jpg|right|350x250px|anatomical structure of the knee joint, fig 1]] ==

...iginal Editors ''' - [[User:Gaëlle Vertriest|Gaëlle Vertriest]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...ive Physical Examination for Instability of the Knee. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008 Mar 1;36(3):577-94.</ref>.

The three [[Joint Classification|joints]] in the body (Histologically) are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. '''Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body (see image 1)'''. These joints are termed diarthroses, meaning they ar

...iece of bone with it on injury). The image shows an example of a sprain of the ankle. == Grades of Injury ==

...represents an hourglass or bowtie shape. The ACL is a key structure in the knee joint, as it resists anterior tibial translation and internal rotational lo ...ilage and mineralized fibrocartilage<ref>Wheeless, C,R. Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics. [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/anatomy_of_acl http://ww

[[File:Cruciate Ligaments.png|thumb|Cruciate ligaments]] ...B). The size of the femoral attachment of the ALB is nearly twice the size of its tibial attachment<ref name=":0">Logterman SL, Wydra FB, Frank RM. [http

'''Original Editor '''- Africa Clubfoot Training Team as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Clubfoot_Content_Development_Project ICRC and ...nced Clubfoot Treatment Provider Courses] - Participant Manual. University of Oxford: Africa Clubfoot Training Project, 2017.</ref>

...thritis.’, International Journal of Rheumatic Disease 2011, 145-151 (Level of evidence: 1A)</ref>: *Increase range of motion

...ert Pierce]] as part of the [[Arkansas Colleges of Health Education School of Physical Therapy Musculoskeletal 1 Project]] ...al anatomy: Defining the popliteal hiatus, popliteomeniscal fascicles, and the lateral meniscotibial ligament. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2019;47(8):1797

...n and Scientific Validity of Common Tests for Ankle Examination]. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation. 2020 Jul 8:100072.</ref>. '''Patient position:''' in a seated position, with knee hanging in 90 degrees, ankle relaxed.

[[File:Foot ligaments.png|alt=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_ligament#/media/File:Gray354. ...eolus. The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament can be considered as part of the medial ligament complex.

...t (anterior and posterior views)|right|frameless|600x600px|Overview of the knee joint (anterior and posterior views)]] ...l joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation). <ref name=":0">Chaurasia BD. [https://www.pdf

...d the 'long head' (superficial) and the 'short head' (deep). It is part of the [[hamstrings]].<ref name="anatomytv">Primal Pictures. Available from:http:/ *Long head: ischial tuberosity<ref name="Netter">Netter FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy. Philadelphia: Elsevier,2014</ref>

...h Thrust aka Posterior Shear)|posterior pelvic pain provocation test]] and the active straight leg raise test (ASLR) when a patient presents with lumbopel ...aard AL, Hammudoghlu D, Stoeckart R, Snijders CJ, Mens JM. The function of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament: its implication for understanding low back

...practical%20guide%20to%20management.&f=false The multiple ligament injured knee: A practical guide to management.] New York: Springer Science, 2004.</ref> The [[Knee|knee joint]] is made up of articulations of the [[Femur|distal femur]], [[Tibia|proximal tibia]] and [[patella]].<ref name=

...es. This ligament is integral maintaining flexibility and stability in the knee. ...ament ([[Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction|ACL]]). This type of injury is most common in

...://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560847/ Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Knee Injuries]. StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Aug 4.</ref> ...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11046165 Lateral stabilizing structures of the knee: functional anatomy and injuries assessed with MR imaging.] Radiographics.

...cuss the anatomy of the knee joint in detail and provide some examples of knee joint pathology. ...ior to superior. The rotation axes of the foot joints are perpendicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these joints results in rotations wit

...diagnostic aid in diseases of the knee. A preliminary report. The Journal of bone and joint surgery]. British volume. 1987 Mar;69(2):288-93.</ref> ...eliefs about the meaning of crepitus in patellofemoral pain and the impact of these beliefs on their behaviour: a qualitative study]. Musculoskeletal Sci

...with McMurray’s test and joint line tenderness]. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2004 Nov 1;20(9):951-8.</ref><br> [[File:Ligaments of the knee joint superior aspect Primal.png|300x300px|alt=|thumb]]

...iginal Editors ''' - [[User:Sofie Van Cutsem|Sofie Van Cutsem]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...e joint]. British journal of sports medicine.1998; ''32''(1): 73-74. Level of evidence: 5</ref>

== Basic Structure of the Foot and Ankle == ...the lower leg and foot. The osseous components of the ankle joint include the distal [[tibia]], distal [[fibula]], and [[talus]].

...ted by congenital or acquired [[Foot Pain|foot]] deformities. If the cause of deformity is not treated, this could lead to impaired body statics. These f ...their foot, causing the shoe to become crooked and bend outwardly. This is the most common foot deformity.<ref name=":3" />

...al interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis.] ''British Journal of Sports Medicine'', ''56''(9), pp.521-530.</ref> ...urface of the [[Femur|femur]], which are the main articulating surfaces of the patellofemoral joint.<ref name="p1">Medscape. Drugs and Diseases. Patellofe

...islocation occurs through the disruption of 2 separate bony articulations: the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints.<ref>Horning J, DiPreta J. Subtalar ...associated fractures: Case report and review of literature.] World Journal of Orthopedics. 2015 Apr 18;6(3):374.</ref>.

...hammed Zia|Abdullah Mohammed Zia]]<nowiki/> as part of [[The University of Waterloo Clinical Biomechanics Project]] == '''Introduction to Knee Osteoarthritis''' ==

'''Original Editors ''' - [[User:Hardik Bhatt|Hardik Bhatt]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project]] ...[[flexor hallucis longus]]) which is mono-articular and does not influence the ankle joint.

...struction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! ...Perret D. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941578/ Posterior knee pain.] Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2010 Oct 1;3(1-4):3-10.

...reasoning the various differential diagnoses and isolating the exact cause of symptoms. == Brief Anatomy of the [[Knee]] ==

...[https://physio-pedia.com/Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament_(ACL) ACL], comprised of two bundles:<ref>Logterman SL, Wydra FB, Frank RM. Posterior Cruciate Ligam # Anterolateral: tight when the knee is in flexion

...rbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Carin Hunter|Carin Hunter]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-sme ...a beautiful work of art."<ref name=":3">Green-Smerdon M. Basic Anatomy of the Dancer’s Ankle and Foot course. Plus , 2022.</ref>

...direction. Maximum shear stresses act on the surface parallel to the plane of applied strength. ...uscle on the lumbar vertebrae also creates an increasing shear strength on the vertebrae.<ref>Tarun Goswami. Human musculoskeletal biomechanics / monograp

...hindlimb bones varies due to the significant variation in size for breeds of dogs.<ref name=":1" /> [[File:The canine pelvic limb - caudal view.jpeg|center|thumb|alt=|607x607px|The canine pelvic limb]]

...should be considered when tenderness is found over the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. ...ee joint from one point to another whereas the fabella redirects forces on the flexor side

...n of the SC joint.<ref>ALLMAN JR FL. Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 Jun 1;49(4):774-84.</ref> '''The SC joint is formed by the articulation of three bones'''<ref name=":3" />''':'''

...s, diagnose and manage an equine patient. To do this, a good understanding of equine anatomy is essential. Pelvic hind limb bears 40-45% of the weight and provides the majority of propulsion for locomotion.

...nd [[Movement Dysfunction|movement]], this can result in marked alteration of function.</div> ...altered connective tissue biology and a decrease in effective maintenance of tissue homeostasis<ref name=":1" />.

...foot and ankle anatomy is necessary for the proper diagnosis and treatment of injuries. ...s of the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. Each part of the foot is composed of several bones.

...good understanding of the anatomy of the [[Neurone|nerves]] and vessels of the foot and ankle. [[Morton's Neuroma|Morton's neuroma]], Baxter neuropathy or ...bial Nerve|Tibial nerve]] originates at L5, S1 and S2 levels together with the common peroneal (fibular ) nerve.

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Daniel Alcorn|Daniel Alcorn]] as part of the [[The Jackson Clinics Residency Project]] [[Image:Knee ligaments.png|right|251x251px|Knee Anatomy|frameless]]