Cervical Cancer: Difference between revisions
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== Prevalence == | == Prevalence == | ||
In the United States, cervical cancer is the fourteenth most common type of cancer found in women, and the third most common gynecological malignancy.<ref name="Three">Ph.d. SE, Ph.d. KL. Understanding Pathophysiology. Mosby Incorporated; 2011.</ref>,4 However worldwide, cervical cancer is the most commonly found type of cancer in women. | In the United States, cervical cancer is the fourteenth most common type of cancer found in women, and the third most common gynecological malignancy.<ref name="Three">Ph.d. SE, Ph.d. KL. Understanding Pathophysiology. Mosby Incorporated; 2011.</ref>,4 However worldwide, cervical cancer is the most commonly found type of cancer in women.<ref name="Three" /> In the United States, diagnosis of invasive stage cervical cancer has declined (75% decline since the 1960s) steadily.<ref name="Three" /> Screening for cervical cancer has become more common due to the introduction of the Pap smear in the 1930’s which made early detection possible.5 Although cervical cancer is the most common cause of gynecological cancer-related death worldwide, mortality rates have decreased significantly in the United States (more than 45% since the early 1970s). 4, 5<br>In the United States, approximately 11,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3,700 women die due to the disease each year. Worldwide, cervical cancer accounts for 288,000 deaths per year. 5<br>Pre-invasive carcinoma in situ (no invasion of surrounding tissues) is more common in women 30-40 years of age.4 Invasive carcinoma is more frequent in women over 40 years of age. 4<br>Women ages 65 and over account for 25% of new cases of cervical cancer.5<br> <br> | ||
== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == | == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == |
Revision as of 01:07, 19 March 2014
Original Editors - Anna Marie Usery & Stephanie Wilton from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - Anna Usery, Stephanie Wilton, Kim Jackson, Nupur Smit Shah, WikiSysop, Rewan Elsayed Elkanafany, Elaine Lonnemann, Wendy Walker, Vidya Acharya, Manisha Shrestha and Lucinda hampton
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that forms within the tissues of the cervix.[1]The cervix connects the uterus with the vagina (birth cancal).[1], [2]The endocervix is the portion of the cervix closest to the uterus whereas the exocervix or ectocervix is closest to the vagina.[2] The cervix is covered in two main types of cells: squamous cells found on the exocervix, and glandular cells on the endocervix.[2] Squamous and glandular cells come together at the area known as the transformation zone. It is here where most cervical cancers originate.[2] Gradually, the normal cells lining this area develop pre-cancerous changes that change into cancer.[2] Cervical cancer typically grows at a slow rate and presents asymptomatically.[1] Therefore, it is recommended to receive routine Papanicolaou smears to test for changes in the lining of the cervix and/or the development of cancerous cells.[1]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
In the United States, cervical cancer is the fourteenth most common type of cancer found in women, and the third most common gynecological malignancy.[3],4 However worldwide, cervical cancer is the most commonly found type of cancer in women.[3] In the United States, diagnosis of invasive stage cervical cancer has declined (75% decline since the 1960s) steadily.[3] Screening for cervical cancer has become more common due to the introduction of the Pap smear in the 1930’s which made early detection possible.5 Although cervical cancer is the most common cause of gynecological cancer-related death worldwide, mortality rates have decreased significantly in the United States (more than 45% since the early 1970s). 4, 5
In the United States, approximately 11,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3,700 women die due to the disease each year. Worldwide, cervical cancer accounts for 288,000 deaths per year. 5
Pre-invasive carcinoma in situ (no invasion of surrounding tissues) is more common in women 30-40 years of age.4 Invasive carcinoma is more frequent in women over 40 years of age. 4
Women ages 65 and over account for 25% of new cases of cervical cancer.5
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/cervical. Accessed March 18, 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-what-is-cervical-cancer. Accessed March 18, 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ph.d. SE, Ph.d. KL. Understanding Pathophysiology. Mosby Incorporated; 2011.