Hydrotherapy for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Difference between revisions
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
Hydrotherapy also known as '[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Aquatherapy Aquatic Therapy]' involves therapeutically immersing the body in water where the physical properties of altered density and gravity, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, viscosity, and thermodynamics can be used to promote physiological change<ref>Becker BE. Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications.PM&R; 2009,1;9:859-72</ref>. The buoyancy and turbulence of water facilitate weight relief and ease of movement during rehabilitation to promote safe movement exploration, strengthening, and functional activity training<ref>Morris DM, Aquatic Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders .In: Cole AJ and Becker BE. Comprehensive Aquatic Therapy. 2nd edition. Philadephia: Butterworth Heinemann, 2004. p151-175.</ref>. | |||
Hydrotherapy is beneficial in treating children with neurodevelopmental disorders by improving their physical and psychological well-being. It also helps them with body movements, particularly those with difficulty moving on the ground. Therefore, hydrotherapy is suggested as a supportive and complementary therapy for children with [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|cerebral palsy]], even those with low GMFCS levels.<br> | |||
== Benefits == | == Benefits == | ||
Hydrotherapy is indicated in children with | Hydrotherapy is indicated in children with [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|cerebral palsy]]. The main benefits of aquatic therapy are: | ||
*Water provides resistance in all planes and directions | *Water provides resistance in all planes and directions | ||
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*Reduces pain and tension in muscles and joints | *Reduces pain and tension in muscles and joints | ||
*Protects against injury | *Protects against injury | ||
*Improves cardiovascular conditioning since the heart pumps more blood per beat when body is submerged in water | *Improves cardiovascular conditioning since the heart pumps more blood per beat when the body is submerged in water | ||
*Decreases post exercise discomfort | *Decreases post-exercise discomfort | ||
== Safety Considerations and Outcome Measures == | == Safety Considerations and Outcome Measures == | ||
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Absolute Contra-indications <ref>Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. Guidance on Good Practice in Aquatic Physiotherapy. United Kingdom: Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists; 2015. Available from: http://atacp.csp.org.uk/guidance-good-practice-aquatic-physiotherapy-2015</ref> | Absolute Contra-indications <ref>Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. Guidance on Good Practice in Aquatic Physiotherapy. United Kingdom: Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists; 2015. Available from: http://atacp.csp.org.uk/guidance-good-practice-aquatic-physiotherapy-2015</ref> | ||
*Acute vomiting / diarrhoea | *Acute vomiting/diarrhoea. | ||
*Medical instability | *Medical instability | ||
*Chlorine / Bromine allergy | *Chlorine / Bromine allergy | ||
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*Shortness of breath at rest | *Shortness of breath at rest | ||
*Uncontrolled cardiac failure | *Uncontrolled cardiac failure | ||
*High BMI limiting exit from pool | *High BMI limiting exit from the pool | ||
Relative Contra-indications | Relative Contra-indications | ||
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*Poorly controlled epilepsy | *Poorly controlled epilepsy | ||
*Unstable diabetes | *Unstable diabetes | ||
*Exercise dependent O2 demand increases | *Exercise-dependent O2 demand increases | ||
Outcomes should be measured in dimensions outlined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY)<ref>World Health Organisation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF–CY), 2007.</ref>. | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
Common motor function measures utilized in Aquatic Therapy research:<ref>Jorgić B, Dimitrijević L, Lambeck J, Aleksandrović M, Okičić T, Madić D. EFFECTS OF AQUATIC PROGRAMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Sports Science. 2013 [cited 2016 Oct 21];5(2):49–56. Available from: http://www.sposci.com/PDFS/BR0502/SVEE/04%20CL%2009%20BJ.pdf.</ref> | |||
*Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). | |||
*Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - functional skills | |||
*Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) | |||
* | |||
*Dynamometer - muscle strength | *Dynamometer - muscle strength | ||
*Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) - energy efficiency | *Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) - energy efficiency | ||
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*Goniometry - range of movement | *Goniometry - range of movement | ||
*Ashworth Scale - spasticity | *Ashworth Scale - spasticity | ||
Swimming based measures: | Swimming based measures: | ||
*Aquatics Independence Measure | *Aquatics Independence Measure | ||
*Water Orientation Test-Alyn 2 (WOTA) | *Water Orientation Test-Alyn 2 (WOTA) | ||
Social function measures: | Social function measures: | ||
*PEDI - social function domain | *PEDI - social function domain | ||
* | *Pictorial scale of perceived competence | ||
*Canadian Occupational Performance Measure | *Canadian Occupational Performance Measure | ||
Revision as of 17:13, 24 June 2024
Original Editors - Eoin McNamee
Top Contributors - Eoin McNamee, Sweta Christian, Pacifique Dusabeyezu, Candace Goh, 127.0.0.1, Naomi O'Reilly, WikiSysop, Kim Jackson, Vidya Acharya, Amanda Ager, Chelsea Mclene and Ines MusabyemariyaDescription[edit | edit source]
Hydrotherapy also known as 'Aquatic Therapy' involves therapeutically immersing the body in water where the physical properties of altered density and gravity, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, viscosity, and thermodynamics can be used to promote physiological change[1]. The buoyancy and turbulence of water facilitate weight relief and ease of movement during rehabilitation to promote safe movement exploration, strengthening, and functional activity training[2].
Hydrotherapy is beneficial in treating children with neurodevelopmental disorders by improving their physical and psychological well-being. It also helps them with body movements, particularly those with difficulty moving on the ground. Therefore, hydrotherapy is suggested as a supportive and complementary therapy for children with cerebral palsy, even those with low GMFCS levels.
Benefits[edit | edit source]
Hydrotherapy is indicated in children with cerebral palsy. The main benefits of aquatic therapy are:
- Water provides resistance in all planes and directions
- Encourages a wider range of movement and opposition
- Alleviates stress and tension
- Reduces pain and tension in muscles and joints
- Protects against injury
- Improves cardiovascular conditioning since the heart pumps more blood per beat when the body is submerged in water
- Decreases post-exercise discomfort
Safety Considerations and Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
Absolute Contra-indications [3]
- Acute vomiting/diarrhoea.
- Medical instability
- Chlorine / Bromine allergy
- Resting angina
- Shortness of breath at rest
- Uncontrolled cardiac failure
- High BMI limiting exit from the pool
Relative Contra-indications
- Acute illness
- Irradiated skin
- Known aneurysm
- Open infected wounds
- Poorly controlled epilepsy
- Unstable diabetes
- Exercise-dependent O2 demand increases
Outcomes should be measured in dimensions outlined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY)[4].
Common motor function measures utilized in Aquatic Therapy research:[5]
- Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM).
- Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - functional skills
- Dynamometer - muscle strength
- Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) - energy efficiency
- 3/5/6 minute walk tests
- Timed up and Go (TUG)
- Vital Capacity
- Goniometry - range of movement
- Ashworth Scale - spasticity
Swimming based measures:
- Aquatics Independence Measure
- Water Orientation Test-Alyn 2 (WOTA)
Social function measures:
- PEDI - social function domain
- Pictorial scale of perceived competence
- Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Key Evidence[edit | edit source]
Administered correctly, aquatic therapy can:
- Improve muscle tone
- Increase core strength
- Enhance circulation
- Improve cardiovascular functioning
- Improve flexibility
- Increase endurance
- Extend range of motion
- Reduce muscle spasticity
- Elevate metabolism
- Reduce sleep disturbances
- Relieve joint stress
- Improve muscle tone
- Increase stability
- Decrease pain and discomfort
Resources[edit | edit source]
<img class="FCK__MWTemplate" src="http://www.physio-pedia.com/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif" _fckfakelement="true" _fckrealelement="0" _fck_mw_template="true">
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Becker BE. Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications.PM&R; 2009,1;9:859-72
- ↑ Morris DM, Aquatic Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders .In: Cole AJ and Becker BE. Comprehensive Aquatic Therapy. 2nd edition. Philadephia: Butterworth Heinemann, 2004. p151-175.
- ↑ Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. Guidance on Good Practice in Aquatic Physiotherapy. United Kingdom: Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists; 2015. Available from: http://atacp.csp.org.uk/guidance-good-practice-aquatic-physiotherapy-2015
- ↑ World Health Organisation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF–CY), 2007.
- ↑ Jorgić B, Dimitrijević L, Lambeck J, Aleksandrović M, Okičić T, Madić D. EFFECTS OF AQUATIC PROGRAMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Sports Science. 2013 [cited 2016 Oct 21];5(2):49–56. Available from: http://www.sposci.com/PDFS/BR0502/SVEE/04%20CL%2009%20BJ.pdf.
