This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
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Span the whole length of the vertebral column, being most developed in the thoracic region. It consists of 2 part long and short rotatores.
...alis] Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/transversospinalis-muscle-group?lang=us<nowiki/>(accessed 30.1.2022)</ref>
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...s injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 Jun 1;49(4):774-84.</ref>
The SC Joint capsule is fairly strong but is dependent on the ligaments for the majority of its support.
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...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...e review.] Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2020 Oct 1;24(4):423-31.</ref>
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'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker]
...thoracolumbar fascia?Available: https://askinglot.com/what-is-thoracolumbar-fascia<nowiki/>(accessed 14.2.2022)</ref>
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...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
...inal Nerves Available: https://www.verywellhealth.com/spinal-nerves-anatomy-4682599<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
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...systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical therapy. 2018 Jan 1;98(1):40-62.</ref>.
...ational Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2007 Jan 1;13(2):215-23.</ref>. This emphasizes the need for workplace interventions to reduce an
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...al of Physiotherapy. He is also the author of two books:<ref name="mulligan-5">Manual therapy NAGS,SNAGS,MWMS,etc by Brian R.Mulligan, 5th edition, 2004
...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �
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...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/daphne-xuan/ Daphne Xuan]<br>
...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
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...a good rehabilitation program incorporating stretches, strengthening and co-ordination and postural training.
...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.
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....gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301671/ Limb development in skeletally-immature large-sized dogs: A radiographic study]. Plos one. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0254788.</re
...o L, Angileri V, Morabito S, Cassata G, Macrì F. [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/813 Four Unusual Cases of Congenital Forelimb Malformations in Dog
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[[File:Sam-burriss-zHSX9o2 B7Y-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless]]
...ted to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
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...ding of this anatomy is essential for assessment and treatment of cervical spine problems.
...n JF. [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/2/e053999 Prospective, population-based study of occupational movements and postures of the neck as risk facto
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== Age-related Changes in Connective Tissue ==
# Age-associated alterations in matrix molecule cross-linking
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...acic vertebrae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.
...ere are four types of bursae: adventitious, subcutaneous, synovial, and sub-muscular.
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[[File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|400x400px]]
...ture (FHP) is a poor habitual neck posture. It often co-exists with [[Upper-Crossed Syndrome|Upper Crossed Syndrome]]
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...ghout the spinal column to cushion the bones as the body moves. [[Ligament|Ligaments]] hold the vertebrae in place, and [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/>s atta
...ertebrae and abdominal wall, including the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.
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...workup, and solutions. Current sports medicine reports. 2006 Nov 1;5(6):289-92.</ref>
* Running<ref>Morton DP, Aune T. Runner’s stitch and the thoracic spine. British journal of sports medicine. 2004 Apr 1;38(2):240-.</ref>
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...ginal Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rosanne-le-jeune/ Rosanne Lejeune] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
Pelvic hind limb bears 40-45% of the weight and provides the majority of propulsion for locomotion.
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...ebrae in place, and tendons attach the muscles to the spinal column. Thirty-one pairs of nerves are rooted to the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] an
...ral regions. The lumbar spine consists of 5 moveable vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, as a group, produce a lordotic curve<ref name=":0
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