Platysma: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Manisha Shrestha|Manisha Shrestha]] | '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Manisha Shrestha|Manisha Shrestha]] | ||
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'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
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== Description<ref name=":0">Gordana Sendic. Facial Muscles. Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-facial-muscles | == Description == | ||
Platysma is a broad, thin sheet like muscle that lies superficially at the anterolateral aspect of neck bilaterally<ref name=":0">Gordana Sendic. Facial Muscles. Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-facial-muscles [accessed 20 October 2020].</ref>. | |||
=== Origin === | === Origin === | ||
[[File:Platysma.png|frame|Platysma]]It originates in the upper thoracic and shoulder regions from a fascia that covers | [[File:Platysma.png|frame|Platysma]]It originates in the upper thoracic and shoulder regions from a [[fascia]] that covers the [[pectoralis major]] and [[deltoid]] muscles. | ||
=== Insertion === | === Insertion === | ||
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=== Nerve === | === Nerve === | ||
Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII). | Cervical branch of [[Facial Nerve|facial nerve]] (CN VII). | ||
=== Blood Supply === | === Blood Supply === | ||
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== Clinical relevance == | == Clinical relevance == | ||
* Dissimilar to other muscles of the body that lie deep to the subcutaneous tissue, the platysma is located within the subcutaneous tissue of the neck (superficial layer of the cervical fascia). Its superficial position means that surgical dissections of the neck must acknowledge the underlying neurovascular structures<ref name=":0" />. | * Dissimilar to other muscles of the body that lie deep to the subcutaneous tissue, the platysma is located within the subcutaneous tissue of the neck (superficial layer of the cervical fascia). Its superficial position means that surgical dissections of the neck must acknowledge the underlying neurovascular structures<ref name=":0" />. | ||
* Platysma can separate into rope-like bands, with irregular tension, causing the appearance of wrinkly skin on the neck. This is associated with the first signs of | * Platysma can separate into rope-like bands, with irregular tension, causing the appearance of wrinkly skin on the neck. This is associated with the first signs of ageing of the neck, known as turkey neck. It occurs due to a decrease in muscle tone leading to thinning and shortening of the muscle. | ||
* Platysma synkinesis can be a secondary complication of facial palsy. Common facial synkinesis, with synkinesis referring to simultaneous movement, creates abnormal synchronisation of facial movement. This occurrence results in involuntary facial movement happening during voluntary movement of a different facial muscle group. It can lead to static and dynamic asymmetry of the neck and of the inferior parts of the face. The condition may cause discomfort, aesthetic concerns and functional impairment | * Platysma [[synkinesis]] can be a secondary complication of [[Bell's Palsy|facial palsy]]. Common facial synkinesis, with synkinesis referring to simultaneous movement, creates abnormal synchronisation of facial movement<ref>The Facial Paralysis Institute. Synkinesis. Available from: https://www.facialparalysisinstitute.com/conditions/synkinesis/ [last accessed 23 October 2020]</ref>. This occurrence results in involuntary facial movement happening during voluntary movement of a different facial muscle group. It can lead to static and dynamic asymmetry of the neck and of the inferior parts of the face. The condition may cause discomfort, aesthetic concerns and functional impairment. | ||
== Assessment == | == Assessment == | ||
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== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Trigger points (TrPs) in the platysma can result from or aggravated by acute or chronic overuse of the muscles, for example repeated expressions of disgust or horror | [[Trigger Points|Trigger points]] (TrPs) in the platysma can result from or aggravated by acute or chronic overuse of the muscles, for example repeated expressions of disgust or horror, and TrPs in the [[sternocleidomastoid]] (SCM) and [[scalene]] muscles. TrPs in platysma may create a prickly pain over the mandible. The TrPs referral of platysma can overlap with those of SCM, [[Muscles of Mastication|masseter]], [[Muscles of Mastication|temporalis]], and [[Muscles of Mastication|medial pterygoid]]. Additionally, TrPs in platysma can be misdiagnosed as [[temporomandibular joint]] (TMJ) dysfunction. Most TrPs in platysma are regularly located over SCM<ref name=":1" />. | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
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[[Category:Anatomy]] | [[Category:Anatomy]] | ||
[[Category:Muscles]] | [[Category:Muscles]] | ||
[[Category:Shoulder - Anatomy]] | |||
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]] | |||
[[Category:Facial Palsy]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:42, 17 November 2020
Original Editor - Manisha Shrestha
Top Contributors - Jacintha McGahan, Manisha Shrestha and Kim Jackson
Description[edit | edit source]
Platysma is a broad, thin sheet like muscle that lies superficially at the anterolateral aspect of neck bilaterally[1].
Origin[edit | edit source]
Platysma
It originates in the upper thoracic and shoulder regions from a fascia that covers the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.
Insertion[edit | edit source]
The fibers travel superomedially over the anterolateral aspect of the neck, to insert on the mandible, the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower face.
Nerve[edit | edit source]
Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII).
Blood Supply[edit | edit source]
Submental branch of the facial artery, and suprascapular branch of the thyrocervical trunk.
Function[edit | edit source]
- Aids facial expression by lowering the inferior lips.
- Depresses mandible.
- Tenses the skin of the anterior neck.
- Releases pressure of the skin on the subjacent veins.
Clinical relevance[edit | edit source]
- Dissimilar to other muscles of the body that lie deep to the subcutaneous tissue, the platysma is located within the subcutaneous tissue of the neck (superficial layer of the cervical fascia). Its superficial position means that surgical dissections of the neck must acknowledge the underlying neurovascular structures[1].
- Platysma can separate into rope-like bands, with irregular tension, causing the appearance of wrinkly skin on the neck. This is associated with the first signs of ageing of the neck, known as turkey neck. It occurs due to a decrease in muscle tone leading to thinning and shortening of the muscle.
- Platysma synkinesis can be a secondary complication of facial palsy. Common facial synkinesis, with synkinesis referring to simultaneous movement, creates abnormal synchronisation of facial movement[2]. This occurrence results in involuntary facial movement happening during voluntary movement of a different facial muscle group. It can lead to static and dynamic asymmetry of the neck and of the inferior parts of the face. The condition may cause discomfort, aesthetic concerns and functional impairment.
Assessment[edit | edit source]
Platysma can be activated by asking the patient to forcefully depress and draw the lower lip laterally whilst maintaining the mandible in a position of slight depression[3].
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Trigger points (TrPs) in the platysma can result from or aggravated by acute or chronic overuse of the muscles, for example repeated expressions of disgust or horror, and TrPs in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and scalene muscles. TrPs in platysma may create a prickly pain over the mandible. The TrPs referral of platysma can overlap with those of SCM, masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid. Additionally, TrPs in platysma can be misdiagnosed as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Most TrPs in platysma are regularly located over SCM[3].
Resources[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gordana Sendic. Facial Muscles. Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-facial-muscles [accessed 20 October 2020].
- ↑ The Facial Paralysis Institute. Synkinesis. Available from: https://www.facialparalysisinstitute.com/conditions/synkinesis/ [last accessed 23 October 2020]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Muscolino JE. Chapter 12, Palpation of the Muscles of the Head. The Muscle & Bone Palpation Manual with Trigger Points, Referral Patterns, and Stretching 2nd Edition. United States: Mosby 2015. p189
