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{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} Arm Squeeze Test is a clinical test used to distinguish cervical nerve root compression from shoulder disease in case of doubtful diagnosis.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...journal.com/linkout?issn=1533-3159&vol=6&page=199 Provocation tests in the cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]. Pain Physicia

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...s and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic Headache|cervical headache]].<ref name=":0">Satpute K, Nalband S, Hall T. [https://www.ncbi.n

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...]<ref name="Konin et al">Konin JG, Wiksten DL, Isear JA, Brader H. Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination. Thorofare: SLACK Incorporated; 2006.</ref>.<br>

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Leino E, Manninen H. Cervical rotation lateral flexion test in brachialgia. Archives of physical medicine

...Editor''- ''[[User:Ashmita Patrao|Ashmita Patrao]] Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> .... [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0161475403001544 Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation]:

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...gus cervicis is one of the four deep cervical flexor muscles (AKA anterior cervical muscles) together with [[Longus Capitis]], [[Rectus Capitis Anterior]] and

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...then places the index fingers between the occiput and spinous process of [[Cervical Anatomy|C2]], so the index fingers are over the neural arch of the C1 verte

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...d to diagnose facet joint injury in the spine especially in the lumbar and cervical region.<br>

...nold Fredrick D'Souza|Arnold Fredrick D'Souza]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...n's sign is suggestive of corticospinal tract dysfunction localized to the cervical segments of the spinal cord.<ref name=":0" /> In this regard, it is analogo

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...tic accuracy of clinical special tests for myelopathy in patients seen for cervical dysfunction.] journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2009 Mar;39

'''Top Contributor'''{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...sked to fully turn her head away from the side being tested and extend the cervical spine.

...Editor '''- [[User:Claire Knott|Claire Knott]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> * cervical spine disposition

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...ubluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. British J Rheum 1998;37:417-420.</ref> Cervical spinal cord compromise due to atlantoaxial subluxation can have serious neu

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...inson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliability and Diagnostic Validity of the Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31:293-300</ref>

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...s with neck pain received 6 sessions of intermittent cervical traction and cervical exercises 2x/week for 3 weeks. Outcome was measured based on the global rat

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...edu/conditions_spondylosis-overview.asp Spondylosis Overview. Hospital for Special Surgery. Available from: https://www.hss.edu/conditions_spondylosis-overvie

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; .../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541001/#_NBK541001_pubdet_ Anatomy, Thorax, Cervical Rib].[updated 2020 Aug 22]. In:StatPearls[Internet].Treasure Island(FL): st

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} Possible results in case of cervical disc syndrome:

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...sess the integrity of the [[Alar ligaments|alar ligaments]] and thus upper cervical stability.<br>

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} [[Image:Upper cervical ligaments.png|thumb|right]] [[Image:Tectorial membrane.png|thumb|right]]

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} #C1/ Cervical segmen

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...Outlet Syndrome]] accompanied by compression of the subclavian artery by a cervical rib or tightened anterior and middle scalene muscles.<ref name="clinical">B

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...itchell; Changes in vertebral artery flow following normal rotation of the cervical spine; Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics; 347-351, 200

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...ect performing a "yes" like nod which is the anatomical action of the Deep Cervical flexors, against a pressure biofeedback.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...vous system that is being tested and are divided into upper and lower limb tests.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...stress on neurological structures of upper limb by elongating them. These tests were first described by Elvey<ref>Elvey RL: The investigation of arm pain.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...essment with the understanding of particular joints , with use of specific tests at those particular joints and also appropriate subjective and objective ma

Top Contributors - Harvey Manes, {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> It tests the strength of the [[adductor pollicis]] of the thumb, which is innervated

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...t enough to distinguish between patients with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and cervical radiculopathy, because the test is probably positive in both cases. Also, d

...r '''- [[User:Lucinda hampton|Lucinda hampton]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bib0255 Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case–control study.] Brazilian journ

...'''- [[User:Elaine Lonnemann|Elaine Lonnemann]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...="Singh">Singh N, Arora A. An Extreme Case of Chronic Cervicitis Mimicking Cervical Cancer and Causing Third-Degree Prolapse. Journal Of Gynecologic Surgery [s

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...sible for example; blushing, headache, dizziness, jugular vein distension. special care should be taken when dealing with a patient having a history of [[Coro

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} * Cervical spine assessment

...iginal Editor '''- [[User:User Name|User Name]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> | Cervical

...rimer]] and [[User:User Name|Richard Eatinger]]'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> *Cervical Flexion=35 deg

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...geal nerve has somatic motor, visceral motor, general somatic sensory, and special sensory (taste) functions.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...er of the thyroid cartilage (typically at the level of the fourth or fifth cervical vertebra), the common carotid arteries bifurcate into the ECA and ICA.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ==Special Questions ==

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...ly performed with head movement in the transverse and sagittal planes. The Cervical JPE Test has strong clinical value in identifying proprioceptive deficits i

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...and tests). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine.

...iginal Editor '''- [[User:Jess Bell|Jess Bell]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...on multifidus intermediate layer Primal.png|thumb|Figure 1. Muscles of the cervical region.]]

...'- [[User:Leen Vandereycken|Leen Vandereycken]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> See below for a reminder of the cervical and lumbar scans that can be performed in a clinical.

'''Lead Editors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...tebrae.png|thumb|right]][[Image:Cervical vertebra.png|thumb|right]][[Image:Cervical Vertebra side view.png|thumb|right]]

'''Lead Editors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} Peg-like cerebellar tonsils are displaced into the upper cervical canal through the foramen magnum.

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:User Name|PPA]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...foods, stress, muscle tension, hormonal fluctuations, nerve compression or cervical spine or temporomandibular joint dysfunction <ref name=":0">Goodman CC, Hei

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp;</div> ...he_pain_and_dysfunction_of_lateral_epicondylalgia The initial effects of a cervical spine manipulative physiotherapy treatment on the pain and dysfunction of l

...r '''- [[User:Lucinda hampton|Lucinda hampton]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> .... The nerves are categorized by the vertebra which house them. There are 8 cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves, 5 sacral nerves,1 coccygea

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; [[File:Cervical-cancer.jpg|thumb]]

<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...e involved in the patient’s clinical presentation. i.e. [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical joints]], [[Shoulder|Shoulder,]] [[Elbow]].

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...ing [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|trauma]] where [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] injury is a concern.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...e pathoanatomical model of diagnosis towards the development of prognostic tests that can separate a heterogeneous population into treatment-oriented subgro

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} == 2.Neural Provocation Tests [[File:Scheuermann's Kyphosis Pectoral Stretch.jpg|frameless|150x150px]] ==

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...(FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2021.</ref> on either side, typically in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord region. This lesion leads to interruption of norma

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} - [[User:Elodie Baele|Elodie Baele]] </div> ...al orthopedic surgeons. Most common cause for this operation is a ruptured cervical intervertebral disk. Another reason for surgery are spurs that irritate a n

....com/course_tutor/petra-zikmann/ Petra Zikmann] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...cipline history, history of presenting condition, past medical history and special questions / red flags. The subjective assessment is discussed in detail [[S

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...the second a treatment based approach and how outcome measures and special tests can be used to differentiate between conditions and retest an hypothesis an

'''Top Contributors''' -{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} '''Os odontoideum''' (OO) is a rare anomaly of the second cervical vertebrae characterised by a separation of a portion of the [[odontoid proc

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...process of central sensitisation explain the poor reliability of shoulder tests.<ref>Struyf F, Lluch E, Falla D, Meeus M, Noten S, Nijs J. Influence of sho

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...inous ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum. It runs over the posterior aspect of the vertebrae.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...muscles are affected, it is very essential to know the muscles present on cervical region and their function.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> Burner’s syndrome is a common injury in contact sports and reflects an upper cervical root injury or a peripheral nerve dysfunction injury. It is a transient ner

...inal Editor '''- [[User:Nehal Shah|Nehal Shah]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> # C8-T1 root Cervical Radiculopathy

'''Top Contributors''' -{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...ine Available: https://drbradcole.com/functional-assessment-rehabilitation-cervical-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 22.4.2022)</ref>.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...cal spinal pain as "pain perceived anywhere in the posterior region of the cervical spine, from the superior nuchal line to the first thoracic spinous process"

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...iu T, Liu Y. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40122-020-00230-z Cervical proprioception Impairment in neck pain-pathophysiology, clinical evaluation

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...ontains much of the information needed to rule out red flags and guide the cervical examination.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...fic nerve. For example, a nerve root impingement in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine may result in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impin

...iginal Editor '''- [[User:Jess Bell|Jess Bell]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_and_Cervicogenic_Headaches upper three cervical spinal segments] are specifically recognised as pain generators for CGH, a

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...uscles are derived from the pharyngeal arches some believe they must carry special visceral efferent information and other argue that they must contain genera

'''Lead Editors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...and back. The thoracic spine lies between the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} * [[Cervical Radiculopathy|Cervical radiculopathy]]

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...ome (Cervicobrachalgia) is a term that describes pain and stiffness of the cervical spine with symptoms in the shoulder girdle and upper extremity<ref>DeStefan

...iginal Editor '''- [[User:Jess Bell|Jess Bell]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> [[File:Cervical Spondylosis.jpg|right|frameless]]

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...ent (shoulder, cervical spine, thoracic spine), neurological exam, special tests, and palpation should be performed. Once the diagnosis has been established

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; .... In half of the patients affected by Kawasaki Disease, swollen and tender cervical lymph nodes will be present. Other findings present with this disease are a

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; * buffalo hump (truncal obesity with prominent supraclavicular and dorsal cervical fat pads) <ref name="Merck">Beers MH, Porter RS, Jones TV, Kaplan JL, Berkw

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...pril 2001. (LoE:4)</ref> While no tools exists for the assessment of upper cervical ligamentous instability, an approach that takes into account risk factors,

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; Cervicocephalic syndrome (CCS) includes pain and stiffness of the upper cervical spine with associated [[Cervicogenic Headache|headache]]. The syndrome fre

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} == Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values ==

...Editor '''- [[User:Wendy Walker|Wendy Walker]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...ard displacement of the medulla, fourth ventricle, and cerebellum into the cervical spinal canal, as well as elongation of the pons and fourth ventricle, proba

...aiser, J.T., Reddy, V. and Lugo-Pico, J.G. (2020). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Cervical Vertebrae. [online] PubMed. Available at: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. ...the cervical spine works together to serve the three main functions of the cervical spine:

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...cleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscles, reduced activation of the deep cervical flexors and reduced range of CCF range of motion compared to individuals wi

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} </div> * The lordotic nature of the cervical and lumbar spine allows the imaginary line of gravity to run through, allow

'Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...when stretching soft tissue. eg lateral flexion of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine<ref name=":2" />

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...Osteoarthritis]]<ref>Cliborne AV, Wainner RS, Rhon DI, et al. Clinical hip tests and a functional squat test in patients with knee osteoarthritis: reliabili

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} [[File:Compressive myeolopathy C6C7.png|thumb|Cervical myelopathy C6-C7]]

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} * lies between the superior cervical spine and the inferior [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]]. It

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} # the presence of a cervical rib,

...a.com/instructor/nick-rainey// Nick Rainey]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00586-007-0366-2 Treatment of cervical myelopathy in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome: outcomes and implica

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; **Age / sex / co-morbididies (diabetes / smoking / prior shoulder pain / cervical pain)

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...tests, full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and immunological tests for inflammatory arthritis.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...% <ref>Eubanks JD, Gilmore A, Bess S, Cooperman DR. Clearing the pediatric cervical spine following injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(9):552–64. </ref>.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} Cervical arterial dysfunction (CAD) is an umbrella term used in manual therapy and p

...'- [[User:Leonid Klichinsky|Leonid Klichinsky]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} ...thered in this process can help guide decisions about the need for special tests or investigations and ongoing management.

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} Axial loading should not be performed in patients with severe neck or cervical spine injury.<ref name=":0" />

...inal Editor '''- [[User:Rania Nasr|Rania Nasr]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...y and physical examination. A valgus stress test, during which a physician tests your elbow for instability, is the best way to assess the condition of the

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} '''Special Tests'''

'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} &nbsp; ...such as a [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] [[MRI Scans|MRI]] or [[Blood Tests|blood tests]] to rule out a potentially dangerous cause e.g. [[stroke]]

...r '''- [[User:Lucinda hampton|Lucinda hampton]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> ...//www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeEbg5rlOX0&app=desktop|width}}<ref>Hospital for special surgery What are common swimming injuries? Available from: https://www.yout