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...s to assess the impact of headache, and its treatment on daily living. The Headache Disability Inventory/Index designed by Dr. Jacobson GP, Ramadan NM, et al. Tension-type headache

[[File:Headache dizziness.jpg|thumb]] ...is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic Headache|cervical headache]].<ref name=":0">Satpute K, Nalband S, Hall T. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go

...gus cervicis is one of the four deep cervical flexor muscles (AKA anterior cervical muscles) together with [[Longus Capitis]], [[Rectus Capitis Anterior]] and ...ubercles&nbsp; of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ

...inson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliability and Diagnostic Validity of the Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31:293-300</ref> ...ect the presence or absence of cervical joint dysfunction in neck pain and headache patients.<ref>Sandmark H, Nisell R. Validity of five common manual neck pai

...ors. They play an enormous role in the connection and stabilization of the cervical column and the [[skull]]. ...ed laterally at the upper vertebral column. They prevertebral layer of the cervical [[fascia]], encloses [[Spinal cord anatomy|vertebral]] column, longus co

...daches. The primary headaches are migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias and what are categorized as other ...International Headache Society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd ed. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1): 1-211.]</ref>

[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|399x399px|alt=|Top R arrow Spi ...icis]] and [[Spinalis Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it co

...from the midline and extending superolaterally to the [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]] and, along with the [[Splenius Cervicis|splenius cervicis]], co Nerve: Lateral branches of the posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical spinal nerves.<ref name=":0" />Blood: Muscular branches of the occipital ar

...s with neck pain received 6 sessions of intermittent cervical traction and cervical exercises 2x/week for 3 weeks. Outcome was measured based on the global rat #'''patient reported periperalization with lower cervical spine (C4-7) mobility testing,'''

...of the muscles, ligaments, and sometimes also the bones and nerves of the cervical spine. ...severe pain.<ref>Anderson C, Yeung E, Tong T, et al. A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplashassociated disorder. BMJ Open

...al classification of headaches containing explicit diagnostic criteria for headache disorders. They classify headaches into primary, secondary, Painful cranial * [[Migraine Headache|Migraine]]

Suboccipital nerve or dorsal ramus of cervical spinal nerve (C1).<ref name="AE" /> ...tics. 2014 Jul 1;37(6):433-40.</ref> These proprioceptive signals from the cervical muscles play a vital role in head-eye coordination and postural control.<re

...es on the posterior tubercle of transverse process of [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]] 1 to 4.<ref name="p1">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_de ...third is deep to the trapezius. From the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae, the fibers of the levator of the scapula pass inferiorly to the

# muscle-tension headache. Some evidence has shown that grade IV cervical spine mobilisations (unilateral and central PA) can have an increase in dee

...ect performing a "yes" like nod which is the anatomical action of the Deep Cervical flexors, against a pressure biofeedback. ...tps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804003 Clinical assessment of the deep cervical flexor muscles: the craniocervical flexion test.] J Manipulative Physiol Th

...et al. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study ...Lipton R, Scher A et al. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia. 2007; 27(3):193-210.</ref

*[[CPR for Cervical Radiculopathy]] *[[Cervical distraction test]]

...on multifidus intermediate layer Primal.png|thumb|Figure 1. Muscles of the cervical region.]] ...ctures innervated by the C1 to C3 nerve roots.<ref>Biondi DM. Cervicogenic headache: mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 20

...r occipital nerve.png|thumb|Posterior primary divisions of the upper three cervical nerves.]] ...and migraine headaches<ref name=":0" />. Occipital neuralgia is a type of headache characterized by a paroxysmal stabbing pain in the posterior area of the sc

...rns.”[[Image:Cluster Face.jpg|thumb|right|Clinical Presentation of Cluster Headache]] * Cervical Flexion: WNL

=== Head &amp; Cervical Spine === *[[Cervicogenic Headache|Cervicogenic Headache]]

...rious associated adverse events include [[Vascular Pathologies of the Neck|cervical artery dissection]] (CAD) and vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), both of ...national Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region for potential of Cervical Arterial Dysfunction prior to Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Intervention. </re

* Neck pain with radiating pain ([[Cervical Radiculopathy|radicular]]). * Neck pain with headache ([[Cervicogenic Headache|cervicogenic]]).&nbsp;

...on does the individual have, such as cervical osteoarthritis, cervicogenic headache etc. ...h Associated Disorders|WAD]]), and neck pain with headache ([[Cervicogenic Headache|cervicogenic]]).&nbsp;

==== Headache SNAG ==== ...sumes that if a headache stops with a manual technique involving the upper cervical spine then, this must be diagnostically significant as to the site of the l

...minology and reporting in orthopaedic physical therapy: application to the cervical spine. ''journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy'', ''40''(8), 455 ...ervention such as manipulation of the [[Manipulation of the Cervical Spine|cervical]] or [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|lumbar]] spine dry needling. The ty

...he orbital and frontal regions.<ref>Kaplan A. Introduction to Cervicogenic Headache Course. Plus , 2020.</ref> ...-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_and_Cervicogenic_Headaches upper three cervical spinal segments] are specifically recognised as pain generators for CGH, a

This page follows on the [[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> and is based on Section 9 Safe OMT Practice from: ...or to Orthopaedic Manual Therapy (OMT) Intervention]: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework. International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Th

...is recognised as the source of CGH.<ref name=":0">Biondi DM. Cervicogenic headache: mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 20 ...ogenic headache: diagnostic evaluation and treatment strategies. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001; 5(4): 361-8.</ref>

...s. Often, there is a triad of concomitant symptoms like dizziness, frontal headache, and dysmetria (lack of coordination of movement). * Atypical cervical neuralgia

...erextension of the upper cervical vertebrae and forward translation of the cervical vertebrae.<ref name=":3">Koseki T, Kakizaki F, Hayashi S, Nishida N, Itoh M ...ning of the muscles of the back of the neck, as well as compression of the cervical vertebrae—the uppermost portion of the spine that supports the head and p

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> *Cervical anomalies

.../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542213/</ref>. It then penetrates the deep cervical fascia and superior to the occiput, it communicates with the GON and innerv ...<ref name=":4">''13.4 occipital neuralgia'' (2018) ''ICHD''. International Headache Society. Available at: [https://ichd-3.org/13-painful-cranial-neuropathies-

...broad, flat, superficial [[muscle]] extending from the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] to [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region on the posterior aspect of the ne ...e and [[scapula]], and to head [[balance]] through muscular control of the cervical spine.

...ents to physical therapy complaining of generalized mid-thoracic and upper cervical pain. Patient reports no recent falls or trauma. However, she is petite and ...use she starts to see bright spots on the screen prior to the onset of the headache. Often, the pain is so extreme that she must leave work early to go home an

...th various neck, arm and shoulder movements such as shoulder elevation and cervical side flexion. ...ry, Deborah Falla, James M. Elliott, Gwendolen Jull. Muscle Dysfunction in Cervical Spine Pain: Implications for Assessment and Management. Journal of Orthopae

...an also result in [[Spinal Stenosis|spinal stenosis]], neurologic deficit, cervical spinal deformity and instability. Patients can be polysyndromic in their pr Image 1: [[X-Rays|X-ray]] showing fused cervical vertebrae as seen in Klippel–Feil syndrome

Peg-like cerebellar tonsils are displaced into the upper cervical canal through the foramen magnum. Features similar to Chiari II but with an occipital and/or high cervical encephalocoele.

...ry/alternative therapies in the treatment of tension-type and cervicogenic headache. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 1999;7(3):142-155. doi:10.1016/s0965- ...Hs at some point in their lifetime<ref name=":4">Chowdhury D. Tension type headache. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ar

[[File:Cervical Spondylosis.jpg|right|frameless]] ...]] or anxiety.<ref name=":2">Nazari, G., Bobos, P, Billis E, MacDermid JC. Cervical flexor muscle training reduces pain, anxiety, and depression levels in pati

...assive Physiological Intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) and [[PAIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements]] (PAIVMs). A ...ist and, if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general

...tlanto-occipital joint|atlanto-occipital]] and [[Atlanto-axial joint|upper cervical joints]] and perceived in one or more regions of the head and/or face.<ref ...syndromes that are encountered daily. The main symptoms of a cervicogenic headache are a combination of unilateral pain, ipsilateral diffuse shoulder, and arm

...and tests). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine. ...mc/articles/PMC8639967/ Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for cervical spine (facet) joint pain from a multispecialty international working group]

...itchell; Changes in vertebral artery flow following normal rotation of the cervical spine; Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics; 347-351, 200 ...e<ref name="p2" /><ref name="p3" /><ref name="p5">Jeanette A. Mitchell; Is cervical spine rotation, as used in the standard vertebrobasilar insufficiency test,

[[File:Major-Branches-of-the-Cervical-Plexus.jpg|thumb|336x336px|Image 2: Origin of the phrenic nerve]] ...e 4th cervical nerve, but also receives contributions from the 3rd and 5th cervical nerves (C3-C5) in humans.<ref>Moore, Keith L. (1999). ''Clinically orient

...vicogenic headache]] (CGH) is caused primarily by dysfunction in the upper cervical spine. However, patients with CGH are also highly likely to have myofascial For more information on the role of the upper cervical spine, please click [https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_

...ted with signs during applications most are visible for example; blushing, headache, dizziness, jugular vein distension. special care should be taken when deal ...ref>Iyer S, Kim HJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4958381/ Cervical radiculopathy]. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2016 Sep;9(3):

Cervical arterial dysfunction (CAD) is an umbrella term used in manual therapy and p ..., Brew J. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119383 Manual therapy and cervical arterial dysfunction, directions for the future: a clinical perspective]. J

..."ICHD">The International Headache Society. International Classification of Headache Disorders II. Available from http://ihs-classification.org/en [last accesse ...f> section below. Diagnosis criteria for TTH is based on the International Headache Society classification. This is discussed further under the ‘Diagnostic P

** Severe or increasing headache *[[Cervical Examination|Cervical spine assessment]].