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...lated pain:<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Managing Disorders of the Canine Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref> ...is one of the few conditions that will cause “screaming or crying” pain in the dog

...ake|Cassidy Lake]] and [[User:Kristen Templin|Kristen Templin]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP P ...ansfer between the upper and lower body and for rotational movement within the body.

Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. ...iosis is actually a more complex, three-dimensional problem which involves the following planes:

...iology of Complex Patient Problems|Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems Project]] ...lis, MD. Achondroplasia and cervical laminoplasty Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2009; 11:417-420. http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/2009.4.SPINE09164 (acce

...nwerckx|Matthias Steenwerckx]], [[User:Wout Theys|Wout Theys]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...ft tissues where adjacent spinous processes in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] rub against each other.<ref name=":4">Radiopedia. Basstrup Syndrome. Avai

[[File:Sagittal section of the rotator cuff muscles Primal.png|thumb|500x500px]] ...the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cuff around the glenohumeral (GH) joint.

...owledge to the various structures around the elbow as well as distant from the elbow that can contribute to a person's symptoms. ...individualised to the specific problems and contributing factors found in the assessment.

...joints]] (also termed zygapophyseal joints) of the spine become a source of [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]. ...isease process (its prevalence increasing with age) and is a common source of disability with significant economic impact.

...rd]] and they control body movements and transmit signals from the body to the [[Brain Anatomy|brain.]] ...gions. The lumbar spine consists of 5 moveable vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, as a group, produce a lordotic curve<ref name=":0">Waxenb

...Editor '''- [[User:Tarina van der Stockt|Tarina van der Stockt]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/sasha-chelin/ Sash ...based on functional assessment and palpation skills. This page will cover the following: functional assessment, ROM, palpation, special tests and neurolo

== Types of Sports for Athletes with Disabilities == ...pic Games is an international sporting event for people with disabilities. The following are sports in which paralympians compete:

...ust be both flexible (to adapt to ground forces) and very rigid (to propel the body forwards). They must also be able to transform quickly between these t ...compartment, the deep posterior compartment, the lateral compartment, and the anterior compartment.

...ventions, particularly physiotherapy, in infancy and childhood can improve the physical performance and function in individuals with CP. == Effects of CP in Adulthood ==

..."editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Jess Bell|Jess Bell]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/victoria-reboredo/ ...ctional disorders of the temporomandibular joints: Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint]. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2018;34(4):223-30. </ref>

...struction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! ({{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}})</div> ...endomyosis) or to enhance activity (hypertendomyosis) in a muscle or group of muscles.

...Complex Patient Problems|from Bellarmine University's&nbsp;Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] ...of radiation therapy employed depends on the disease and the specific type of cancer being treated.

...allows for significant movement, but this is at the expense of stability. The shoulder is, therefore, susceptible to dysfunction and instability. ...cluding the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.

...inatus rupture at the musculotendinous junction in a young woman.] Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2014;15(3):231-4.</ref> ...nd keeps it in place. These muscles help to lift and rotate the arm. Visit the [[shoulder]] for more detailed information.

...y of Complex Patient Problems|Bellarmine University's&nbsp;Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] Cushing’s syndrome is a general term for increased secretion of cortisol by the [[Adrenal Glands|adrenal]] cortex.

...2010 Jul; 69(5):425-32 :4: 2C</ref><ref name="p3" /> It is a diverse group of inflammatory arthritides that share certain genetic predisposing factors an The brief video outlines these conditions

...name=":19">Stace R. and Gwilym S. « Whiplash associated disorder: a review of current pain concepts. » Bone &amp; Joint 360, vol. 4, nr. 1. 2015. </ref The short video below sums up WAD nicely

..."editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Jess Bell|Jess Bell]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro ...tion.<ref name=":0" /> Swallowing actions (such as sucking, swallowing and the breathing / swallowing sequence) continue to develop after birth as babies

...in Locati|Erin Locati]], and [[User:Melissa Osti|Melissa Osti]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]] ...majority of these fractures occur without spinal cord injury. 20 to 40% of the fractures are associated with neurological injuries.

...ime%20from%20ovulation,variability%20of%20time%20of%20ovulation. '''Length of human pregnancy and contributors to its natural variation'''.] Human Reprod * The [[pelvis]] is the region found between the trunk and lower limbs.

...;12(1):1189.</ref> This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the foot. ...ior to superior. The rotation axes of the foot joints are perpendicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these joints results in rotations wit

...auma-Informed Care|Trauma]] to the face and head can be caused by a number of events: explosions, gunshot, road traffic accidents (RTAs), falling masonry ....google.com/books?id=u5o3illp9CUC&pg=RA1-PA935&dq=facial+trauma Management of soft tissue trauma and auricular trauma]. In Bailey BJ, Johnson JT, Newland

...early life."<ref name=":0" /> IASP also argues that "[a]ctivity induced in the nociceptor and [[Nociception|nociceptive]] pathways by a noxious stimulus i ...including:<ref>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Benefits of Physical Activity. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basi

...rheumdis/48/9/743.full.pdf Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow.] Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 1989 Sep 1;48(9):743-7.</ref> ...y shaped, there are strong collateral ligaments and muscles are grouped at the sides so not to impede movement.

...of the bony bridges that connect the upper with the lower facet joints of the vertebra. ...ing the second most likely to be affected. The higher levels of the lumbar spine are rarely affected. (15 LOE: 4)

...of the chest that contains the sternum and the cartilage connecting it to the [[ribs]]. ...edical news today [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320185 Causes of sternal pain] Available from:https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/3201

...lift, pull, and push heavy objects, as well as to perform daily activities of living, such as brushing one’s hair and teeth and carrying grocery bags.< </ref>|thumb]]The anatomic structures involved in the winged scapula are:

..."editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Jess Bell|Jess Bell]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/victoria-reboredo/ ...s in diagnostics and therapeutics]. J Dent Educ. 2008;72(8):930-47. </ref> The translation motion generates more movement.<ref name=":1" />

== Anatomy of the Forelimb == ...ed.<ref name=":0">Hinkle FD, Johnson SA, KT, Selberg, MF Barrett. A review of normal radiographical variants commonly mistaken for pathological findings

...ng and treating patients. This article discusses the general principles of the muscle length assessment. == Structure of Muscles ==

...ation.  It is well-established that through [[Neuroplasticity|plasticity]] of existing cells our nervous systems can adapt to situations not previously e The Nervous System has three specific functions:

...ivities or professional and recreational sports. This article will discuss the ankle joint and its osseous, soft tissue, neural and vascular components, a ...ior to superior. The rotation axes of the foot joints are perpendicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these joints results in rotations wit

...humerus, first published by Codman in the 1930s. <ref name="p4">Codman EA: The Shoulder,Boston: G.Miller &amp Company,1934</ref> ...hcart CW: Movements of the shoulder girdle involved in those of the arm on the trunk. J Anat Physiol 1884; 18:209-218.</ref>

...Complex Patient Problems|from Bellarmine University's&nbsp;Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] ...an incomplete neural tube, resulting in a bony defect at the distal end of the tube."&nbsp;<ref name="Neuro" /><ref>Copp AJ, Adzick NS, Chitty LS, Fletche

...Original Editor '''- [[User:Wanda van Niekerk|Wanda van Niekerk]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/ian-gatt/ Ian Gatt ....<ref name=":5" /> Apart from the clinical history, clinical reasoning and the physical examination are essential to make a diagnosis.

.../pii/S1836955321000965 Physiotherapy management of Down syndrome.] Journal of physiotherapy. 2021;67(4):243–251.</ref> ...n with Down syndrome. Mental Retardation. 2005 Jun;43(3):196-212.</ref> In the postnatal period, diagnosis is also indicated by physical features such as

...education, exercise and weight management. This page provides an overview of osteoarthritis, including epidemiology, risk factors and pathology, before ...ref>Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI). Standardization of osteoarthritis definitions. Available from: https://oarsi.org/research/stan

...ry to an eccentric overload of the common extensor tendon at the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon. <ref>Buchanan BK, Varacallo M ...condylar region of the distal [[humerus]]. In many cases, the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is involved.

...not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> ...iopsoas and spinal extensors) that connect the dorsal and ventral sides of the body <ref>Sahu, P. and Phansopkar, P. (2021) Screening for lower cross synd

...f the Elbow|elbow anatomy]] and the subjective and objective assessment of the elbow. ...history.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>'''L: location of symptoms and level of functional impairment'''

...ynda Bend|Lynda Bend]] and [[User:Hin Ying Chan|Hin Ying Chan]] as part of the [[Nottingham University Spinal Rehabilitation Project]]<br> ...oni-Rosario B, Harrast MA. Lumbar spine. In: Krabak BJ, Brooks A, editors. The Youth Athlete. Elsevier; 2023. p. 353–67.</ref>. Young athletes' most com

[[File:LSS1.jpg|right|<ref>Bhave A. Modern Techniques in Spine Surgery. JP Medical Ltd; 2014 Nov 30.</ref>]] ...agnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update). The Spine Journal. 2013 Jul 1;13(7):734-43.</ref>

...body and the changes it produces in body motion.<ref name=":0" /> In terms of this, there are skeletal, muscular and neurological considerations we need ...the areas where biomechanics is applied, to either support the performance of athletes or solve issues in sport or [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercise]]:&nbs

..."> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Chelsea Mclene|Chelsea Mclene]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rosanne-le-jeune/ ...wed on the [[Anatomy of the Equine Hind Limb]] page. This page will cover the following hind limb conditions:

...r|Lisa De Pelsemaeker]], [[User:Arnaud Jacquet|Arnaud Jacquet]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...displaced from its normal position in the center of the glenoid fossa and the joint surfaces no longer touch each other.

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Rachael Lowe|Rachael Lowe]] and The [[Open Physio]] project. ...ess.<ref name="Goodman">Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist. 3rd ed. St.Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. p788 – 799