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<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Rachael Lowe|Rachael Lowe]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div>
== Anatomy  ==
== Anatomy  ==
* Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
* They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by  apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper  extremity.
* They provide Stability for skillful and forceful  movements <ref name=":0">Chaurasia BD. [https://www.pdfdrive.com/bd-chaurasia-books.html Human Anatomy Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical]. Vol 1. CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd, 2010</ref>
{{#ev:youtube|I1XEPBTjYVY}}<ref>Kenhub-Learn Human Anatomy. Elbow Joint: Bones, Muscles & Movement-Human Anatomy | Kenhub.Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1XEPBTjYVY[accessed 26/03/20]</ref>
== HumeroUlnar Joint ==
==== Articulations of HumeroUlnar Joint ====
* The articulating surface on the Humerus is Hour glass  shaped TROCHLEA
* The articulating surface on Ulna is  a semicircular shaped  concave surface called  TROCHLEAR NOTCH<ref name=":0" />
== HumeroRadial Joint ==
==== Articulations of HumeroRadial Joint ====
* The  articulating surface on the Humerus is spherical –  shaped  CAPITULUM
* The  articulating surface on the RADIUS is the cup shaped  Radial head  surrounded by a rim<ref name=":0" />
== Ligaments of Elbow joint ==
* MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT - Extends from Medial epicondyle of Humerus to Coronoid and  Olecranon  process of Ulna
* LATERAL COLATERAL LIGAMENT - Extends from Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus to Annular  Ligament and Olecranon process.
* ANNULAR LIGAMENT - It encircles the head of Radius<ref name=":0" />
[[Image:Elbow Anatomy.jpg|400px|center]]
== Movements of Elbow joint ==
Flexion and Extension <ref name=":0" />
== Muscles of Elbow joint ==
==== Flexors of Elbow ====
* Biceps Brachi---Powerful flexor when elbow is in 90 degree  Flexion.
* Brachialis----Flexor of elbow in all position
* Brachioradialis---Flexor of elbow in midprone position<ref name=":0" />
==== Extensors of Elbow ====
* TRICEPS is the powerful extensor of the Shoulder
* All three Heads of Triceps are active when heavy resistance is  given to Extension.<ref name=":0" />
== Superior RadioUlnar Joint ==
==== Articulation ====
* The Radial notch on Ulna articulate with Head of Radius  along with Annular Ligament & Capitulum.<ref name=":0" />
==== Ligaments ====
* Annular Ligament-----circle the head of Radius and keeps the  Ulna together.
* Quadrate Ligament----extends from the Inferior edge of  radial notch to Neck of Radius
* Oblique cord------attached  to inferior part of Radial notch  on Ulna to just below Radial Tuberosity<ref name=":0" />
== Inferior RadioUlnar Joint ==
==== Articulation ====
* The Ulnar notch of Radius articulates with head of Ulna  along with Articular Disc.<ref name=":0" />
==== Ligaments ====
* Anterior Radio Ulnar Ligament----attached to anterior  aspect  just above the Ulnar head to above Ulnar notch.
* Posterior Radio Ulnar Ligament---attached to posterior part  of  Ulnar head to above Ulnar notch.
* Interosseous Membrane---binds the shaft of Radius and Ulna  together.<ref name=":0" />
==== Muscles ====
* PRONATOR TERES----- helps in Pronation,it acts in all  position of Elbow, helps in Stabilization of Superio Radio  Ulnar Joint. Active during rapid and resisted Pronation.
* PRONATOR QUADRATUS---- helps in  Pronation in all  position of Elbow
* SUPINATOR---------helps in Supination in all position of  Elbow
* BICEPS BRACHI-------- helps in  Supination when Elbow is  flexed to 90 degree<ref name=":0" />
== Movements of RadioUlnar Joint ==
* Pronation  & Supination
* Pronation and Supination movement is good when Elbow is  Flexed to 90 degree
* In Elbow extended position Pronation is limited due to  passive tension in Biceps Brachi. Supination is limited due to  passive tension in Interosseous Membrane.<ref name=":0" />


== Clinical Examination  ==
== Clinical Examination  ==
*[[Elbow Examination|Elbow Examination]]  
*[[Elbow Examination|Elbow Examination]]  
*Special Tests  
*Special Tests  
**[[Cozen’s Test|Cozen’s Test]]  
**[[Cozen’s Test|Cozen’s Test]]  
**[[Mill’s Test|Mill’s Test]]
**[[Elbow Flexion Test]]
**[[Golfer’s Elbow Test|Golfer’s Elbow Test]]  
**[[Elbow Quadrant Tests|Elbow Quadrant Tests]]  
**[[Tinel's Sign at Elbow|Tinel’s Sign at Elbow]]  
**[[Elbow Valgus Stress|Elbow Valgus Stress]]  
**[[Elbow Valgus Stress|Elbow Valgus Stress]]  
**[[Moving Valgus Stress Test|Moving Valgus Stress Test]]  
**[[Moving Valgus Stress Test|Moving Valgus Stress Test]]  
**[[Elbow Varus Stress|Elbow Varus Stress]]  
**[[Elbow Varus Stress|Elbow Varus Stress]]  
**[[Elbow Flexion Test|Elbow Flexion Test]]  
**[[Golfer’s Elbow Test|Golfer’s Elbow Test]]
**[[Mill’s Test|Mill’s Test]]
**[[Polk's Test]]  
**[[Pronator Teres Syndrome Test|Pronator Teres Syndrome Test]]  
**[[Pronator Teres Syndrome Test|Pronator Teres Syndrome Test]]  
**[[Elbow Quadrant Tests|Elbow Quadrant Tests]]  
**[[Tinel's Sign at Elbow|Tinel’s Sign at Elbow]]  
**[[Wartenberg’s Sign|Wartenbergs Sign]]  
**[[Wartenberg’s Sign|Wartenbergs Sign]]  
*Outcome Measures
*Outcome Measures
**[[DASH Outcome Measure]]
**[[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Section C - Outcome Measures]]
**[[Upper Extremity Functional Index]]


== Conditions  ==
== Conditions  ==


*[[Cubital_Tunnel_Syndrome|Cubital Tunnel Syndrome]]
*[[Cubital Tunnel Syndrome|Cubital Tunnel Syndrome]]  
*[[Elbow Ligamentous Injuries|Ligamentous Injuries]]  
*[[Elbow Ligamentous Injuries|Ligamentous Injuries]]  
*[[Lateral Epicondylitis|Lateral Epicondylitis]]  
*[[Lateral Epicondylitis|Lateral Epicondylitis]]  
*[[Medial Epicondylitis|Medial Epicondylitis]]  
*[[Medial Epicondylitis|Medial Epicondylitis]]  
*[[Olecranon Bursitis|Olecranon Bursitis]]  
*[[Olecranon Bursitis|Olecranon Bursitis]]  
*[[Olecranon Fracture|Olecranon Fracture]]
*[[Olecranon Fracture|Olecranon Fracture]]  
*[[Osteochondritis Dissecans|Osteochondritis Dissecans]]
*[[Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow|Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow]]  
*[[Radial Head Fracture|Radial Head Fracture]]  
* [[Proximal Radial Head Fracture|Radial Head Fracture]]
*[[Ulnar Nerve Entrapment|Ulnar Nerve Entrapment]]
*[[Ulnar Nerve Entrapment|Ulnar Nerve Entrapment]]
*[[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]


== Procedures  ==
== Procedures  ==
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*Ulnar nerve decompression<br>
*Ulnar nerve decompression<br>


== Interventions ==
== References ==
 
[[Category: Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]]
<references />
[[Category:Anatomy]]
[[Category:Elbow - Anatomy]]

Latest revision as of 23:22, 30 January 2024

Original Editor - Rachael Lowe Top Contributors - Rachael Lowe, Chrysolite Jyothi Kommu, Laura Ritchie, Tyler Shultz, Admin, Aanal Bhuva, Kim Jackson, Nikhil Benhur Abburi, Joao Costa and Sai Kripa

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

  • Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
  • They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by  apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper  extremity.
  • They provide Stability for skillful and forceful  movements [1]

[2]

HumeroUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]

Articulations of HumeroUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]

  • The articulating surface on the Humerus is Hour glass  shaped TROCHLEA
  • The articulating surface on Ulna is  a semicircular shaped  concave surface called  TROCHLEAR NOTCH[1]

HumeroRadial Joint[edit | edit source]

Articulations of HumeroRadial Joint[edit | edit source]

  • The  articulating surface on the Humerus is spherical –  shaped  CAPITULUM
  • The  articulating surface on the RADIUS is the cup shaped  Radial head  surrounded by a rim[1]

Ligaments of Elbow joint[edit | edit source]

  • MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT - Extends from Medial epicondyle of Humerus to Coronoid and  Olecranon  process of Ulna
  • LATERAL COLATERAL LIGAMENT - Extends from Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus to Annular  Ligament and Olecranon process.
  • ANNULAR LIGAMENT - It encircles the head of Radius[1]
Elbow Anatomy.jpg

Movements of Elbow joint[edit | edit source]

Flexion and Extension [1]

Muscles of Elbow joint[edit | edit source]

Flexors of Elbow[edit | edit source]

  • Biceps Brachi---Powerful flexor when elbow is in 90 degree  Flexion.
  • Brachialis----Flexor of elbow in all position
  • Brachioradialis---Flexor of elbow in midprone position[1]

Extensors of Elbow[edit | edit source]

  • TRICEPS is the powerful extensor of the Shoulder
  • All three Heads of Triceps are active when heavy resistance is  given to Extension.[1]

Superior RadioUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]

Articulation[edit | edit source]

  • The Radial notch on Ulna articulate with Head of Radius  along with Annular Ligament & Capitulum.[1]

Ligaments[edit | edit source]

  • Annular Ligament-----circle the head of Radius and keeps the  Ulna together.
  • Quadrate Ligament----extends from the Inferior edge of  radial notch to Neck of Radius
  • Oblique cord------attached  to inferior part of Radial notch  on Ulna to just below Radial Tuberosity[1]

Inferior RadioUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]

Articulation[edit | edit source]

  • The Ulnar notch of Radius articulates with head of Ulna  along with Articular Disc.[1]

Ligaments[edit | edit source]

  • Anterior Radio Ulnar Ligament----attached to anterior  aspect  just above the Ulnar head to above Ulnar notch.
  • Posterior Radio Ulnar Ligament---attached to posterior part  of  Ulnar head to above Ulnar notch.
  • Interosseous Membrane---binds the shaft of Radius and Ulna  together.[1]

Muscles[edit | edit source]

  • PRONATOR TERES----- helps in Pronation,it acts in all  position of Elbow, helps in Stabilization of Superio Radio  Ulnar Joint. Active during rapid and resisted Pronation.
  • PRONATOR QUADRATUS---- helps in  Pronation in all  position of Elbow
  • SUPINATOR---------helps in Supination in all position of  Elbow
  • BICEPS BRACHI-------- helps in  Supination when Elbow is  flexed to 90 degree[1]

Movements of RadioUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]

  • Pronation  & Supination
  • Pronation and Supination movement is good when Elbow is  Flexed to 90 degree
  • In Elbow extended position Pronation is limited due to  passive tension in Biceps Brachi. Supination is limited due to  passive tension in Interosseous Membrane.[1]

Clinical Examination[edit | edit source]

Conditions[edit | edit source]

Procedures[edit | edit source]

  • Elbow Arthrolysis
  • Elbow Arthroscopy
  • Open debridement or synovectomy
  • Radial head excision and synovectomy
  • Radial head replacement
  • Reconstruction elbow replacement
  • Release of lateral epicondylitis
  • Total elbow replacement
  • Ulnar nerve decompression

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Chaurasia BD. Human Anatomy Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical. Vol 1. CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd, 2010
  2. ↑ Kenhub-Learn Human Anatomy. Elbow Joint: Bones, Muscles & Movement-Human Anatomy | Kenhub.Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1XEPBTjYVY[accessed 26/03/20]
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