Elbow
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
⚫Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
⚫They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper extremity.
⚫They provide Stability for skillful and forceful movements [1]
| [3] |
HumeroUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]
Articulations of HumeroUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]
⚫ The articulating surface on the Humerus is Hour glass shaped TROCHLEA
⚫The articulating surface on Ulna is a semicircular shaped concave surface called TROCHLEAR NOTCH[1]
HumeroRadial Joint[edit | edit source]
Articulations of HumeroRadial Joint[edit | edit source]
⚫The articulating surface on the Humerus is spherical – shaped CAPITULUM
⚫ The articulating surface on the RADIUS is the cup shaped Radial head surrounded by a rim[1]
Ligaments of Elbow joint[edit | edit source]
⚫MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
Extends from Medial epicondyle of Humerus to Coronoid and Olecranon process of Ulna
⚫LATERAL COLATERAL LIGAMENT
Extends from Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus to Annular Ligament and Olecranon process.
⚫ANNULAR LIGAMENT
It encircles the head of Radius[1]
Movements of Elbow joint[edit | edit source]
Flexion and Extension [1]
Muscles of Elbow joint[edit | edit source]
Flexors of Elbow[edit | edit source]
⚫Biceps Brachi---Powerful flexor when elbow is in 90 degree Flexion.
⚫Brachialis----Flexor of elbow in all position
⚫Brachioradialis---Flexor of elbow in midprone position[1]
Extensors of Elbow[edit | edit source]
⚫TRICEPS is the powerful extensor of the Shoulder
⚫All three Heads of Triceps are active when heavy resistance is given to Extension.[1]
Superior RadioUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]
Articulation[edit | edit source]
⚫The Radial notch on Ulna articulate with Head of Radius along with Annular Ligament & Capitulum.[1]
Ligaments[edit | edit source]
⚫Annular Ligament-----circle the head of Radius and keeps the Ulna together.
⚫Quadrate Ligament----extends from the Inferior edge of radial notch to Neck of Radius
⚫Oblique cord------attached to inferior part of Radial notch on Ulna to just below Radial Tuberosity[1]
Inferior RadioUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]
Articulation[edit | edit source]
⚫The Ulnar notch of Radius articulates with head of Ulna along with Articular Disc.[1]
Ligaments[edit | edit source]
⚫Anterior Radio Ulnar Ligament----attached to anterior aspect just above the Ulnar head to above Ulnar notch.
⚫Posterior Radio Ulnar Ligament---attached to posterior part of Ulnar head to above Ulnar notch.
⚫Interosseous Membrane---binds the shaft of Radius and Ulna together.[1]
Muscles[edit | edit source]
⚫PRONATOR TERES----- helps in Pronation,it acts in all position of Elbow, helps in Stabilization of Superio Radio Ulnar Joint. Active during rapid and resisted Pronation.
⚫ PRONATOR QUADRATUS---- helps in Pronation in all position of Elbow
⚫SUPINATOR---------helps in Supination in all position of Elbow
⚫ BICEPS BRACHI-------- helps in Supination when Elbow is flexed to 90 degree[1]
Movements of RadioUlnar Joint[edit | edit source]
⚫Pronation & Supination
⚫Pronation and Supination movement is good when Elbow is Flexed to 90 degree
⚫In Elbow extended position Pronation is limited due to passive tension in Biceps Brachi. Supination is limited due to passive tension in Interosseous Membrane.[1]
Clinical Examination[edit | edit source]
- Elbow Examination
- Special Tests
- Outcome Measures
Conditions[edit | edit source]
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
- Ligamentous Injuries
- Lateral Epicondylitis
- Medial Epicondylitis
- Olecranon Bursitis
- Olecranon Fracture
- Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow
- Radial Head Fracture
- Ulnar Nerve Entrapment
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
Procedures[edit | edit source]
- Elbow Arthrolysis
- Elbow Arthroscopy
- Open debridement or synovectomy
- Radial head excision and synovectomy
- Radial head replacement
- Reconstruction elbow replacement
- Release of lateral epicondylitis
- Total elbow replacement
- Ulnar nerve decompression
Interventions[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Chaurasia BD. Human Anatomy Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical. Vol 1. CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd, 2010
- ↑ Kenhub-Learn Human Anatomy. Elbow Joint: Bones, Muscles & Movement-Human Anatomy | Kenhub.Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1XEPBTjYVY[accessed 26/03/20]
- ↑ Clinics in Motion. Physical Therapy: Series 3 Volume 2: The Elbow. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Yt48Y0UMBU [last accessed 14/12/13]
