Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editors '''- [[User:Gina Gibson|Gina Gibson]] and [[User:Katie Werrick|Katie Werrick]] | '''Original Editors '''- [[User:Gina Gibson|Gina Gibson]] and [[User:Katie Werrick|Katie Werrick]] | ||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Objective == | |||
The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) is a patient reported questionnaire which specifically focuses on how a patient's fear avoidance beliefs about physical activity and work may affect and contribute to their low back pain and resulting disability | |||
== Description == | |||
With the emergence of the biopsychosocial mode of low back pain (LBP) led to the development of the the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) by Waddel et al in 1993<ref>Waddell et al (1993) Pain 52: 157–168.</ref>. The FABQ is a questionnaire based on the Fear-Avoidance Model of Exaggerated Pain Perception, a model created in attempts to explain why some patients with acute painful conditions can recover while other patients develop chronic pain from such conditions<ref name="Waddell et al">Waddell C, Newton M, Henderson I, et al. A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993; 52:157-168</ref><ref name="Fritz and George">Fritz JM, George S. Identifying Psychosocial Variables in Patients With Acute Work-Related Low Back Pain: The Importance of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs. Phys Ther. 2002; 82(10): 973-983.</ref><ref name="Lethem et al">Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JDG, Bendey G. Outline of a fear avoidance model of exaggerated pain perceptions, Behav Res Ther. 1983;21:401-408.</ref>. The FABQ measures patients’ fear of pain and consequent avoidance of physical activity because of their fear<ref name="Waddell et al" /><ref name="Fritz and George" />. | |||
Areas of assessment include; ADLs, behaviour, functional mobility, general health, life participation, mental health, motivation, occupational performance, pain, personality, quality of life, self-efficacy, stress and coping. | |||
== Intended Population == | |||
The FABQ has been proven to be a reliable and valid assessment tool based on patients with chronic low back pain. In recent research, the FABQ is being used in populations with acute low back pain to identify the risk of long-term disability<ref name="Fritz and George" />. It is also used in patients with spinal injuries, musculoskeletal conditions and chronic pain. | |||
== Methods of Use == | |||
The questionnaire consists of 16 items in which a patient rates their agreement with each statement on a 7-point Likert scale. Where 0= completely disagree, 6=completely agree. There is a maximum score of 96. A higher score indicates more strongly held fear avoidance beliefs. <ref name="Waddell et al" /> There are two subscales within the FABQ; the work subscale (FABQw) with 7 questions (maximum score of 42) and the physical activity subscale (FABQpa) with 4 questions (maximum score of 24). <ref name="Waddell et al" /><ref name="Fritz and George" />. The numbers in parentheses below designate which items from the FABQ are included in each subscale<ref name="Waddell et al" />.<br> | |||
{| style="width: 543px; height: 116px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | {| style="width: 543px; height: 116px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
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| FABQpa | | FABQpa | ||
| 2-5<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre"> </span> | | 2-5<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre"> </span> | ||
| 24 | | 24 | ||
| >15<ref name="Williamson" /> | | >15<ref name="Williamson" /> | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | <br>The questionnaire takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. | ||
The | |||
A strong relationship exists between elevated fear avoidance beliefs and chronic disability secondary to LBP<ref name="Waddell et al" /><ref name="Fritz and George" />. “Avoidance may lead to reduced activity levels, an exacerbation of the fear and avoidance behaviors, prolonged disability, and adverse physical and psychological effects” <ref name="Fritz and George" /><ref name="Lethem et al" /><ref name="Kole">Vlaeyen JWS, Kole-Snijders AMJ, Boeren RGB, van Eck H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62: 36, 272.</ref>. Thus, the FABQ is an outcome measure that serves as a clinically useful screening tool in identifying patients with high fear avoidance beliefs who are at risk for prolonged disability. Management of patients with elevated FABQ scores requires clinicians to tailor interventions to meet those needs. Research suggests multi-disciplinary approach including cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exposure to physical activity<ref name="Fritz and George" />. | |||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
'''Reliability''' | |||
*Total FABQ test-retest reliability (ICC=0.97)<ref name="Williamson">Williamson E. Fear Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire. Austrailian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2006; 52: 149.</ref> | *Total FABQ test-retest reliability (ICC=0.97)<ref name="Williamson">Williamson E. Fear Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire. Austrailian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2006; 52: 149.</ref> | ||
*FABQ Physical Activity subscale test-retest reliability (ICC=0.72-0.90)<ref name="Williamson" /> | *FABQ Physical Activity subscale test-retest reliability (ICC=0.72-0.90)<ref name="Williamson" /> | ||
*FABQ Work subscale test-retest reliability (ICC=0.80-0.91)<ref name="Williamson" /> | *FABQ Work subscale test-retest reliability (ICC=0.80-0.91)<ref name="Williamson" /> | ||
*The use of the FAbQ as a screening tool for patients with non-work related LBP was not supported<ref>Cleland, Joshua A, Fritz, Julie M, & Brennan, Gerard P. (2008). Predictive validity of initial fear avoidance beliefs in patients with low back pain receiving physical therapy: is the FABQ a useful screening tool for identifying patients at risk for a poor recovery? European Spine Journal, 17(1), 70-79.</ref> | |||
*The FABQ (When 'back' is replaced by 'shoulder') is an adequate predictor of how fear avoidance behaviours contribute to shoulder pain and disability. <ref>Mintken, Paul E, Cleland, Joshua A, Whitman, Julie M, & George, Steven Z. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in patients with shoulder pain. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 91(7), 1128-1136. </ref> | |||
*The FABQ may be recommended for test-retest evaluations as 'good' reliability was found, and it has the ability to discriminate between patients with cervical radiculopathy and healthy subjects. <ref>Dedering, Åsa, & Börjesson, Tina. (2013). Assessing Fear‐avoidance Beliefs in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy. Physiotherapy Research International, 18(4), 193-202. </ref> | |||
'''Validity''' | |||
*Evidence shows that the FABQ is correlated with Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire. The correlation coefficients for the FABQ, the FABQ Work subscale and the FABQ Physical Activity subscale are 0.52, 0.63, and 0.51, respectively.<ref name="Williamson" /> | *Evidence shows that the FABQ is correlated with Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire. The correlation coefficients for the FABQ, the FABQ Work subscale and the FABQ Physical Activity subscale are 0.52, 0.63, and 0.51, respectively.<ref name="Williamson" /> | ||
*The FABQ was also shown to be correlated with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, another measure of fear avoidance. The correlation coefficients for the FABQ Work subscale and the FABQ Physical Activity subscale are 0.53 and 0.76, respectively.<ref name="Williamson" /> | *The FABQ was also shown to be correlated with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, another measure of fear avoidance. The correlation coefficients for the FABQ Work subscale and the FABQ Physical Activity subscale are 0.53 and 0.76, respectively.<ref name="Williamson" /> | ||
*The FABQ is not a good indicator of mental health for patients with pelvic girdle pain and has questionable validity when assessing these patients. <ref>Grotle, Margreth, Garratt, Andrew M, Jenssen, Hanne Krogstad, & Stuge, Britt. (2012). Reliability and construct validity of self-report questionnaires for patients with pelvic girdle pain. Physical therapy, 92(1), 111-123. </ref> | |||
== Resources == | |||
[https://www.tac.vic.gov.au/files-to-move/media/upload/fear_avoidance.pdf Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire ] | |||
== | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Assessment]] | [[Category:Assessment]] | ||
[[Category:Outcome Measures]] | [[Category:Outcome_Measures]] | ||
[[Category:Pain]] | |||
[[Category:Physical_Activity]] | |||
[[Category:Mental Health]] | |||
[[Category:Mental Health - Outcome Measures]] | |||
[[Category:Older People/Geriatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Older People/Geriatrics - Outcome Measures]] | |||
Latest revision as of 12:29, 17 October 2023
Original Editors - Gina Gibson and Katie Werrick
Top Contributors - Katie Werrick, Admin, Kim Jackson, Gina Gibson, Adam Vallely Farrell, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Rachael Lowe, Eric Robertson, Amanda Ager, Lauren Lopez, Jess Bell, Nupur Smit Shah, Michelle Lee and WikiSysop
Objective[edit | edit source]
The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) is a patient reported questionnaire which specifically focuses on how a patient's fear avoidance beliefs about physical activity and work may affect and contribute to their low back pain and resulting disability
Description[edit | edit source]
With the emergence of the biopsychosocial mode of low back pain (LBP) led to the development of the the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) by Waddel et al in 1993[1]. The FABQ is a questionnaire based on the Fear-Avoidance Model of Exaggerated Pain Perception, a model created in attempts to explain why some patients with acute painful conditions can recover while other patients develop chronic pain from such conditions[2][3][4]. The FABQ measures patients’ fear of pain and consequent avoidance of physical activity because of their fear[2][3].
Areas of assessment include; ADLs, behaviour, functional mobility, general health, life participation, mental health, motivation, occupational performance, pain, personality, quality of life, self-efficacy, stress and coping.
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
The FABQ has been proven to be a reliable and valid assessment tool based on patients with chronic low back pain. In recent research, the FABQ is being used in populations with acute low back pain to identify the risk of long-term disability[3]. It is also used in patients with spinal injuries, musculoskeletal conditions and chronic pain.
Methods of Use[edit | edit source]
The questionnaire consists of 16 items in which a patient rates their agreement with each statement on a 7-point Likert scale. Where 0= completely disagree, 6=completely agree. There is a maximum score of 96. A higher score indicates more strongly held fear avoidance beliefs. [2] There are two subscales within the FABQ; the work subscale (FABQw) with 7 questions (maximum score of 42) and the physical activity subscale (FABQpa) with 4 questions (maximum score of 24). [2][3]. The numbers in parentheses below designate which items from the FABQ are included in each subscale[2].
| Subscale | Questions Included | Total Possible Points | High Score |
| FABQw | 6,7,9-12, 15 | 42 | >34[3] |
| FABQpa | 2-5 | 24 | >15[5] |
The questionnaire takes approximately 10 minutes to complete.
A strong relationship exists between elevated fear avoidance beliefs and chronic disability secondary to LBP[2][3]. “Avoidance may lead to reduced activity levels, an exacerbation of the fear and avoidance behaviors, prolonged disability, and adverse physical and psychological effects” [3][4][6]. Thus, the FABQ is an outcome measure that serves as a clinically useful screening tool in identifying patients with high fear avoidance beliefs who are at risk for prolonged disability. Management of patients with elevated FABQ scores requires clinicians to tailor interventions to meet those needs. Research suggests multi-disciplinary approach including cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exposure to physical activity[3].
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability
- Total FABQ test-retest reliability (ICC=0.97)[5]
- FABQ Physical Activity subscale test-retest reliability (ICC=0.72-0.90)[5]
- FABQ Work subscale test-retest reliability (ICC=0.80-0.91)[5]
- The use of the FAbQ as a screening tool for patients with non-work related LBP was not supported[7]
- The FABQ (When 'back' is replaced by 'shoulder') is an adequate predictor of how fear avoidance behaviours contribute to shoulder pain and disability. [8]
- The FABQ may be recommended for test-retest evaluations as 'good' reliability was found, and it has the ability to discriminate between patients with cervical radiculopathy and healthy subjects. [9]
Validity
- Evidence shows that the FABQ is correlated with Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire. The correlation coefficients for the FABQ, the FABQ Work subscale and the FABQ Physical Activity subscale are 0.52, 0.63, and 0.51, respectively.[5]
- The FABQ was also shown to be correlated with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, another measure of fear avoidance. The correlation coefficients for the FABQ Work subscale and the FABQ Physical Activity subscale are 0.53 and 0.76, respectively.[5]
- The FABQ is not a good indicator of mental health for patients with pelvic girdle pain and has questionable validity when assessing these patients. [10]
Resources[edit | edit source]
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Waddell et al (1993) Pain 52: 157–168.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Waddell C, Newton M, Henderson I, et al. A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993; 52:157-168
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Fritz JM, George S. Identifying Psychosocial Variables in Patients With Acute Work-Related Low Back Pain: The Importance of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs. Phys Ther. 2002; 82(10): 973-983.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JDG, Bendey G. Outline of a fear avoidance model of exaggerated pain perceptions, Behav Res Ther. 1983;21:401-408.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Williamson E. Fear Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire. Austrailian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2006; 52: 149.
- ↑ Vlaeyen JWS, Kole-Snijders AMJ, Boeren RGB, van Eck H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62: 36, 272.
- ↑ Cleland, Joshua A, Fritz, Julie M, & Brennan, Gerard P. (2008). Predictive validity of initial fear avoidance beliefs in patients with low back pain receiving physical therapy: is the FABQ a useful screening tool for identifying patients at risk for a poor recovery? European Spine Journal, 17(1), 70-79.
- ↑ Mintken, Paul E, Cleland, Joshua A, Whitman, Julie M, & George, Steven Z. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in patients with shoulder pain. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 91(7), 1128-1136.
- ↑ Dedering, Åsa, & Börjesson, Tina. (2013). Assessing Fear‐avoidance Beliefs in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy. Physiotherapy Research International, 18(4), 193-202.
- ↑ Grotle, Margreth, Garratt, Andrew M, Jenssen, Hanne Krogstad, & Stuge, Britt. (2012). Reliability and construct validity of self-report questionnaires for patients with pelvic girdle pain. Physical therapy, 92(1), 111-123.
