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...s to assess the impact of headache, and its treatment on daily living. The Headache Disability Inventory/Index designed by Dr. Jacobson GP, Ramadan NM, et al. Tension-type headache

[[File:Headache dizziness.jpg|thumb]] ...is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic Headache|cervical headache]].<ref name=":0">Satpute K, Nalband S, Hall T. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go

...gus cervicis is one of the four deep cervical flexor muscles (AKA anterior cervical muscles) together with [[Longus Capitis]], [[Rectus Capitis Anterior]] and ...ubercles&nbsp; of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ

...inson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliability and Diagnostic Validity of the Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31:293-300</ref> ...ect the presence or absence of cervical joint dysfunction in neck pain and headache patients.<ref>Sandmark H, Nisell R. Validity of five common manual neck pai

...ors. They play an enormous role in the connection and stabilization of the cervical column and the [[skull]]. ...ed laterally at the upper vertebral column. They prevertebral layer of the cervical [[fascia]], encloses [[Spinal cord anatomy|vertebral]] column, longus co

...daches. The primary headaches are migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias and what are categorized as other ...International Headache Society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd ed. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1): 1-211.]</ref>

[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|399x399px|alt=|Top R arrow Spi ...icis]] and [[Spinalis Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it co

...from the midline and extending superolaterally to the [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]] and, along with the [[Splenius Cervicis|splenius cervicis]], co Nerve: Lateral branches of the posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical spinal nerves.<ref name=":0" />Blood: Muscular branches of the occipital ar

...s with neck pain received 6 sessions of intermittent cervical traction and cervical exercises 2x/week for 3 weeks. Outcome was measured based on the global rat #'''patient reported periperalization with lower cervical spine (C4-7) mobility testing,'''

...of the muscles, ligaments, and sometimes also the bones and nerves of the cervical spine. ...severe pain.<ref>Anderson C, Yeung E, Tong T, et al. A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplashassociated disorder. BMJ Open

...al classification of headaches containing explicit diagnostic criteria for headache disorders. They classify headaches into primary, secondary, Painful cranial * [[Migraine Headache|Migraine]]

Suboccipital nerve or dorsal ramus of cervical spinal nerve (C1).<ref name="AE" /> ...tics. 2014 Jul 1;37(6):433-40.</ref> These proprioceptive signals from the cervical muscles play a vital role in head-eye coordination and postural control.<re

...es on the posterior tubercle of transverse process of [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]] 1 to 4.<ref name="p1">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_de ...third is deep to the trapezius. From the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae, the fibers of the levator of the scapula pass inferiorly to the

# muscle-tension headache. Some evidence has shown that grade IV cervical spine mobilisations (unilateral and central PA) can have an increase in dee

...ect performing a "yes" like nod which is the anatomical action of the Deep Cervical flexors, against a pressure biofeedback. ...tps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804003 Clinical assessment of the deep cervical flexor muscles: the craniocervical flexion test.] J Manipulative Physiol Th

...et al. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study ...Lipton R, Scher A et al. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia. 2007; 27(3):193-210.</ref

*[[CPR for Cervical Radiculopathy]] *[[Cervical distraction test]]

...on multifidus intermediate layer Primal.png|thumb|Figure 1. Muscles of the cervical region.]] ...ctures innervated by the C1 to C3 nerve roots.<ref>Biondi DM. Cervicogenic headache: mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 20

...r occipital nerve.png|thumb|Posterior primary divisions of the upper three cervical nerves.]] ...and migraine headaches<ref name=":0" />. Occipital neuralgia is a type of headache characterized by a paroxysmal stabbing pain in the posterior area of the sc

...rns.”[[Image:Cluster Face.jpg|thumb|right|Clinical Presentation of Cluster Headache]] * Cervical Flexion: WNL

=== Head &amp; Cervical Spine === *[[Cervicogenic Headache|Cervicogenic Headache]]

...rious associated adverse events include [[Vascular Pathologies of the Neck|cervical artery dissection]] (CAD) and vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), both of ...national Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region for potential of Cervical Arterial Dysfunction prior to Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Intervention. </re

* Neck pain with radiating pain ([[Cervical Radiculopathy|radicular]]). * Neck pain with headache ([[Cervicogenic Headache|cervicogenic]]).&nbsp;

...on does the individual have, such as cervical osteoarthritis, cervicogenic headache etc. ...h Associated Disorders|WAD]]), and neck pain with headache ([[Cervicogenic Headache|cervicogenic]]).&nbsp;

==== Headache SNAG ==== ...sumes that if a headache stops with a manual technique involving the upper cervical spine then, this must be diagnostically significant as to the site of the l

...minology and reporting in orthopaedic physical therapy: application to the cervical spine. ''journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy'', ''40''(8), 455 ...ervention such as manipulation of the [[Manipulation of the Cervical Spine|cervical]] or [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|lumbar]] spine dry needling. The ty

...he orbital and frontal regions.<ref>Kaplan A. Introduction to Cervicogenic Headache Course. Plus , 2020.</ref> ...-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_and_Cervicogenic_Headaches upper three cervical spinal segments] are specifically recognised as pain generators for CGH, a

This page follows on the [[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> and is based on Section 9 Safe OMT Practice from: ...or to Orthopaedic Manual Therapy (OMT) Intervention]: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework. International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Th

...is recognised as the source of CGH.<ref name=":0">Biondi DM. Cervicogenic headache: mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 20 ...ogenic headache: diagnostic evaluation and treatment strategies. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001; 5(4): 361-8.</ref>

...s. Often, there is a triad of concomitant symptoms like dizziness, frontal headache, and dysmetria (lack of coordination of movement). * Atypical cervical neuralgia

...erextension of the upper cervical vertebrae and forward translation of the cervical vertebrae.<ref name=":3">Koseki T, Kakizaki F, Hayashi S, Nishida N, Itoh M ...ning of the muscles of the back of the neck, as well as compression of the cervical vertebrae—the uppermost portion of the spine that supports the head and p

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> *Cervical anomalies

.../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542213/</ref>. It then penetrates the deep cervical fascia and superior to the occiput, it communicates with the GON and innerv ...<ref name=":4">''13.4 occipital neuralgia'' (2018) ''ICHD''. International Headache Society. Available at: [https://ichd-3.org/13-painful-cranial-neuropathies-

...broad, flat, superficial [[muscle]] extending from the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] to [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region on the posterior aspect of the ne ...e and [[scapula]], and to head [[balance]] through muscular control of the cervical spine.

...ents to physical therapy complaining of generalized mid-thoracic and upper cervical pain. Patient reports no recent falls or trauma. However, she is petite and ...use she starts to see bright spots on the screen prior to the onset of the headache. Often, the pain is so extreme that she must leave work early to go home an

...th various neck, arm and shoulder movements such as shoulder elevation and cervical side flexion. ...ry, Deborah Falla, James M. Elliott, Gwendolen Jull. Muscle Dysfunction in Cervical Spine Pain: Implications for Assessment and Management. Journal of Orthopae

...an also result in [[Spinal Stenosis|spinal stenosis]], neurologic deficit, cervical spinal deformity and instability. Patients can be polysyndromic in their pr Image 1: [[X-Rays|X-ray]] showing fused cervical vertebrae as seen in Klippel–Feil syndrome

Peg-like cerebellar tonsils are displaced into the upper cervical canal through the foramen magnum. Features similar to Chiari II but with an occipital and/or high cervical encephalocoele.

...ry/alternative therapies in the treatment of tension-type and cervicogenic headache. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 1999;7(3):142-155. doi:10.1016/s0965- ...Hs at some point in their lifetime<ref name=":4">Chowdhury D. Tension type headache. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ar

[[File:Cervical Spondylosis.jpg|right|frameless]] ...]] or anxiety.<ref name=":2">Nazari, G., Bobos, P, Billis E, MacDermid JC. Cervical flexor muscle training reduces pain, anxiety, and depression levels in pati

...assive Physiological Intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) and [[PAIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements]] (PAIVMs). A ...ist and, if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general

...tlanto-occipital joint|atlanto-occipital]] and [[Atlanto-axial joint|upper cervical joints]] and perceived in one or more regions of the head and/or face.<ref ...syndromes that are encountered daily. The main symptoms of a cervicogenic headache are a combination of unilateral pain, ipsilateral diffuse shoulder, and arm

...and tests). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine. ...mc/articles/PMC8639967/ Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for cervical spine (facet) joint pain from a multispecialty international working group]

...itchell; Changes in vertebral artery flow following normal rotation of the cervical spine; Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics; 347-351, 200 ...e<ref name="p2" /><ref name="p3" /><ref name="p5">Jeanette A. Mitchell; Is cervical spine rotation, as used in the standard vertebrobasilar insufficiency test,

[[File:Major-Branches-of-the-Cervical-Plexus.jpg|thumb|336x336px|Image 2: Origin of the phrenic nerve]] ...e 4th cervical nerve, but also receives contributions from the 3rd and 5th cervical nerves (C3-C5) in humans.<ref>Moore, Keith L. (1999). ''Clinically orient

...vicogenic headache]] (CGH) is caused primarily by dysfunction in the upper cervical spine. However, patients with CGH are also highly likely to have myofascial For more information on the role of the upper cervical spine, please click [https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_

...ted with signs during applications most are visible for example; blushing, headache, dizziness, jugular vein distension. special care should be taken when deal ...ref>Iyer S, Kim HJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4958381/ Cervical radiculopathy]. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2016 Sep;9(3):

Cervical arterial dysfunction (CAD) is an umbrella term used in manual therapy and p ..., Brew J. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119383 Manual therapy and cervical arterial dysfunction, directions for the future: a clinical perspective]. J

..."ICHD">The International Headache Society. International Classification of Headache Disorders II. Available from http://ihs-classification.org/en [last accesse ...f> section below. Diagnosis criteria for TTH is based on the International Headache Society classification. This is discussed further under the ‘Diagnostic P

** Severe or increasing headache *[[Cervical Examination|Cervical spine assessment]].

...sleep–emotional symptom cluster), and ocular symptoms with vestibular and cervical symptoms (i.e. neurological symptom cluster)<ref name=":0" />. Symptoms included: headache, light or noise sensitivity, nausea<ref name=":0" />

...Chen W, Hou T, Chen T, Lieu F. Predictors for the immediate responders to cervical manipulation in patients with neck pain. Manual Therapy. 2006;11(4):306-315 # Diagnosis of [[Cervical Spondylosis|Spondylosis]] without [[Radiculopathy]]

...2#2.2_Neck_pain_with_cervicogenic_headache|2.2 Neck pain with cervicogenic headache]] ...of some vertebral mobolization techniques in the management of unilateral cervical spondylosis: a comparitive study. J Phys Ther Sci 2008;20:103-8.</ref>

...nò, A., Alekseeva, A. ''et al.'' The fifth cranial nerve in headaches. ''J Headache Pain'' 21, 65 (2020).</ref> ...ng SH, Lee KS, Kim ST, Lee WH. Trigeminal Neuralgia Resulting from Delayed Cervical Cord Compression after Acute Traumatic Fracture of Odontoid Process. ''Kore

...he_pain_and_dysfunction_of_lateral_epicondylalgia The initial effects of a cervical spine manipulative physiotherapy treatment on the pain and dysfunction of l ...el Syndrome|carpal tunnel syndrome]], cubital tunnel syndrome and nonacute cervical radiculopathy.<ref name=":0">COPPIETERS M. Hough A. Dilley A. Different Ner

...cal spinal pain as "pain perceived anywhere in the posterior region of the cervical spine, from the superior nuchal line to the first thoracic spinous process" ...ck pain should follow the usual [[Cervical Examination|examination for the cervical spine]]. However it is important to be aware of the differing impairments

...also be prescribed as an adjunct to management of musculoskeletal pain, [[headache]], [[fibromyalgia]] and [[Myofascial pain|myofascial pain syndrome.]]<ref>S [[Migraine Headache|Migraine]]

...further neck pain (VAS 8-9/10). He noted a pinching sensation in his lower cervical spine. Because of this pain, he was unable to continue bowling and became a ...ull G, Treleaven J, Uthaikhup S. Effectiveness of adding rehabilitation of cervical related sensorimotor control to manual therapy and exercise for neck pain:

...tebrae.png|thumb|right]][[Image:Cervical vertebra.png|thumb|right]][[Image:Cervical Vertebra side view.png|thumb|right]] ...Maryland Clinical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's

...in [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Serious_Cervical_Spine_Conditions Serious Cervical Spine Conditions] and [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Red_Flags_in_Spinal_Con |Dizziness on neck movements, headache, facial numbness especially on prolonged postures or even drop attacks.<ref

...ffness of the upper cervical spine with associated [[Cervicogenic Headache|headache]]. The syndrome frequently demonstrates symptoms of dizziness and often vi The upper cervical complex consists of the [[Atlanto-occipital joint|atlanto-occipital]](joint

...strong correlation between postural dysfunction of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] and TMD. There are numerous other conditions that can cause [[Pain ...amanium, R; Delcanho, R, Temporomandibular disorders and related headache; Headache, Orofacial Pain and Bruxism, Diagnosis and multidisciplinary approaches to

[[Headache|Headaches]] and dizziness have numerous causes and there are many different == Headache Classification ==

...eck flexors has been shown through clinical trials to reduce neck pain and headache. This type of training has been shown to enhance the pattern of deep and su ...ttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804003 Clinical Assessment of the Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles: The Craniocervical Flexion Test]. Journal of Manipulative a

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> ...><ref name="Rao 2002">Rao R (2002). Neck pain, cervical radiculopathy, and cervical myelopathy. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 84A(10):1872-1881.</ref>.

...e vertical neurovascular bundle of neck, branches of cervical plexus, deep cervical lymph nodes and soft tissues of neck from damage&nbsp;<ref name="p1">Kaur D ...growth in utero and play an important role in the genesis of tension type headache.&nbsp;<ref name="hasan" /><br>

...aiser, J.T., Reddy, V. and Lugo-Pico, J.G. (2020). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Cervical Vertebrae. [online] PubMed. Available at: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. ...the cervical spine works together to serve the three main functions of the cervical spine:

...a M; Management of temporomandibular and cervical components of headaches; Headache, Orofacial Pain and Bruxism, Chapt 19, pg 239, Churchill Livingston Elsevie ...ie N; Kimos P; Lavigne G; Major P; Sleep structure, bruxism and headache; Headache, Orofacial Pain and Bruxism, Chapt 6, pg 56-61, Churchill Livingston Elsevi

...e patient made significant improvements in all measured outcomes including cervical range of motion, the [[Community Balance and Mobility Scale]], and the [[Po ...ext day, he felt increasingly dizzy, nauseous and complained of an intense headache.

...of active trigger points in 53 individuals who had chronic [[tension-type headache]] (CTTH). They were compared to 53 age- and gender-matched individuals with ...irect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020314043 The plausible role of Deep Cervical Fascia and its continuum in chronic craniofacial and Cervicobrachial Pain:

...Ez8pa5KX759PD_BMalWsXw Improving tinnitus with mechanical treatment of the cervical spine and jaw], J Am Acad Audiol, 2013 Jul-Aug;24(7):544-55, (Level of evid ...I&scisig=AAGBfm3qKhAdf_3_3Q6D7Rpyf4AcORKcgA Functional disturbances of the cervical spine in tinnitus]. HNO. 2006 Feb;54(2):125-31 (level of evidence 2C)</ref>

...1.</ref> Common presentations of NP may include muscle pain, muscle spasm, headache, facet joint pain, nerve pain, referred pain and bone pain. <ref>Harvard Me ...ommon pain produced by these structures is a neck strain which affects the cervical muscles and tendons or a sprain which affects the ligaments, both involving

...Areas effected by cervogenic headache <ref>Smith, J., 2021. ''Cervicogenic Headache.'' [Online] Available at: <nowiki>https://www.jeremysmithmd.com/cervicogenic-headache-orthopaedic-spine-surgeon-orange-irvine-ca.html</nowiki>

...[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16284634/ Swartz EE, Floyd RT, Cendoma M. Cervical spine functional anatomy and the biomechanics of injury due to compressive ...3edsnp55rrgjct55%29%29/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2924481 Cervical spondylosis and neck pain Allan I. Binder British Medical Journal, 334, 759

...ard displacement of the medulla, fourth ventricle, and cerebellum into the cervical spinal canal, as well as elongation of the pons and fourth ventricle, proba * Chiari III has&nbsp;an occipital and/or high cervical encephalocele.<br>

...iu T, Liu Y. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40122-020-00230-z Cervical proprioception Impairment in neck pain-pathophysiology, clinical evaluation ...lWYXM2kbG0dgWaWiNeEg</nowiki></ref> Mechanoreceptor input from the upper cervical region and muscles leads to a coordination between vision and movement of t

'''Range of Motion and Power – Cervical Spine''' ...ere carried out, both of these were positive and used as an indicator of [[Cervical Radiculopathy]].

...whiplash, subacute and chronic mechanical disorders, and chronic cervical headache) into the same case mix during clinical trials<ref>Bronfort G, Evans R, Nel ...>. In WAD neck postural/stabilisation exercises are more effective then a cervical collar for reducing pain<ref name=":7" />.

The most common post-concussive symptom is headache, followed by dizziness - more often a sense of disequilibrium and imbalance #Headache, dizziness, malaise, fatigue, altered noise tolerance

4.1 Neck pain alone<br> 4.2 Neck pain with cervicogenic headache<br> 4.3 Whiplash associated disorder<br> 4.4 Neck pain with radiculopathy | T:&nbsp;Spinal manipulation and massage to the cervical and thoracic spine and exercise therapy <br>C: <br>

...of progressive degenerative changes that affect all the components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, joints of Luschka, ligamen ....nih.gov/pubmed/25674751 Tetraplegia after thyroidectomy in a patient with cervical spondylosis: a case report and literature review.] Medicine (Baltimore) 2

.... 2011. An examination of outcome measures for pain and dysfunction in the cervical spine: a factor analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 36, 581-8. (level of evide ...and disabilities due to the pain. The scale includes questions relating to headache, ability to sleep and to concentrate and activities of daily living. There

Joint pain, low back pain, headache, muscle stiffness, difficulty sleeping and paying attention for approximate <br>• Cervical AROM= limited extension and bilateral rotation<br>• Shoulder AROM= bilate

...zed controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(17):1835-1843.</ref><ref>Cools AM, Struyf F *[[Canadian C-Spine Rule|Canadian Cervical Spine Rules]]

...Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group.] Journal of oral & facial pain and headache. 2014;28(1):6.</ref>: The articular disc displaces anteriorly to the condyl * Associated muscular tightness of cervical and facial muscles such as [[sternocleidomastoid]], upper [[trapezius]] and

...ior to Orthopaedic Manual Therapy (OMT) Intervention: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework, 2020. Available from [https://www.ifompt.org/site/ifompt/IFOMPT% ...developed through rigorous consensus methods, guides the assessment of the cervical spine region for potential vascular pathologies of the neck before planned

...ontains much of the information needed to rule out red flags and guide the cervical examination. | [[Cervical Myelopathy|Cervical Myelopathy]]

<u>Forward neck and neck pain/headache</u> ...ssociation between text neck and neck pain in adults and reported that the cervical flexion angle of the standing and sitting participant using a smartphone di

...iplopia, ptosis, pupillary abnormalities, periocular pain, facial pain, or headache<ref>MSD manauls Overview of Neuro-ophthalmologic and Cranial Nerve Disorder ! scope="col" | [[Cervical Examination|Examination]]<br>

...pril 2001. (LoE:4)</ref> While no tools exists for the assessment of upper cervical ligamentous instability, an approach that takes into account risk factors, ...tube.com/watch?v=k6hUT1kBoEc&feature=youtu.be|width}}<ref>Dpt Orthopeadics Cervical Instability Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6hUT1kBoEc&fea

...tcomes. Related disorder types (whiplash associated disorder, cervicogenic headache, radiculopathy), duration of disorder (acute, subacute, chronic) and follow === Cervical Overview Group Systematic Reviews Included ===

...BE. [https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-lookup/doi/10.2522/ptj.20060272 Cervical dystonia: disease profile and clinical management]. Phys Ther 2007;87(11):1 ...name="Camargo">Camargo C, Teive H, Becker N, Baran M, Scola R, Werneck L. Cervical dystonia: clinical and therapeutic features in 85 patients. Arq Neuropsiqui

...ey form what is know as the vertebral column. There are 7 vertebrae in the cervical region which is your neck; 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region which is you <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6">[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png]]

...mfort in the arm, upper back and upper chest with or without an associated headache<ref>Elvey RL, Hall T. Neural tissue evaluation and treatment. Physical Ther ...ich there is no known and proven cause. If a patient can be proven to have cervical radiculopathy or thoracic outlet syndrome, then the specific and objectivel

...IHS) has published strict criteria<ref>The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia. 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160</ref> for TN: * Upper Cervical Chiropractic

[[File:Compressive myeolopathy C6C7.png|thumb|Cervical myelopathy C6-C7]] ...ssion of the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] at the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] level of the spinal column resulting in [[spasticity]], hyperreflexia, pa

* The first symptoms (fever, [[headache]], and chills) may be mild and difficult to recognize as malaria. ...be&nbsp;cognizant of other symptoms&nbsp;of Malaria&nbsp;including chills, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, myalgias, back pain,

...otherapy, focusing on their role in optimizing patient outcomes in chronic cervical pain management. ...is an objective measurement tool used to assess the range of motion in the cervical spine. It includes various inclinometers to measure flexion, extension, lat

...ruk et al. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of cervical osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Rheumato ...ger patients it is because of a trauma.<ref>Yu H, Hou S, Wu W, He X. Upper cervical manipulation combined with mobilization for the treatment of atlantoaxial o

...|kyphotic spine]] (i.e. office workers) with hypomobility, neck pain and [[Headache|headaches]]. [[Trigger Points|Trigger points]] may be present in the perisc ...eep Back Arm Line (2).jpg|thumb|400x400px|Figure 4. Deep back arm line.]][[Cervical Vertebrae|Spinous process of lower cervicals]] and upper thoracic spine, C1